Immobilization of Biomolecules by Electropolymerized Films

Abstract

The concepts and recent advances in procedures based on electropolymerized films for the immobilization of biological entities such as peptides, enzymes, antibodies, antigens, oligonucleotides, and microorganisms are described. The biomolecule immobilization is classified as adsorption, entrapment, covalent binding, and affinity interactions between biomolecules and films. A chronological evolution of these concepts of biosensor fabrication based on electropolymerized films is presented along with recently opened research directions.

Nanozymes “Artificial Peroxidase”: Enzyme Oxidase Mixtures for Single‐Step Fabrication of Advanced Electrochemical Biosensors

“…Despite the concentrated organic solvents had been proved to retain enzyme activity, [4] it has been generally accepted that only water enzyme solutions allow to retain biomolecule activity. Accordingly, precipitation from the polymer‐enzyme drop‐casted aqueous solutions [5] or enzyme co‐polymerization with transducers from water electrolytes [6] have become wide‐spread. In spite of their efficacy, such protocols are obviously irrelevant for biosensors mass‐production.…”

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“…Electro-polymerization is generally initiated by electrochemical oxidation to produce stable, adherent, electrochemically active films on the electrodes. Indeed, several papers have reported the successful modification of metal electrodes using an electrochemical deposition method with their recent applications for OLED device. − …”

Πρωτεϊνική Μηχανική Του Ενζύμου Μεταφοράση Της Γλουταθειόνης Με Στόχο Την Ανάπτυξη Βιοαισθητήρα Μέτρησης Ξενοβιοτικών Ενώσεων

“…Στην απλή μέθοδο εγκλωβισμού ενζύμου σε ένα μόνο στάδιο, δεν πραγματοποιείται χημική αντίδραση μεταξύ του μονομερούς και του ενζύμου, ώστε να επηρεάσει τη δραστικότητα του. Βέβαια απαιτούνται υψηλές συγκεντρώσεις μονομερούς (0,05-0,5 M) και ενζύμου (0,2-3,5 mg▪mL −1 ) (Cosnier, 2007). Εκτός από την ευκολία, άλλοι λόγοι που έχουν κάνει τον εγκλωβισμό να παρουσιάζει σημαντικό ενδιαφέρον τα τελευταία χρόνια, είναι η χημική αδράνεια, η πορώδης υφή, η χαμηλή θερμοκρασία εγκλωβισμού, η μηχανική σταθερότητα, η οπτική διαπερατότητα και η αμελητέα διόγκωση (Kandimalla et al, 2006).…”