Immobilization-induced stress activates neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) mRNA and protein in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in rats

Kishimoto, Jiro; Tsuchiya, Toru; Emson, Piers C.; Nakayama, Yasuhisa

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(96)00101-1

Cited by 126 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…A variety of stressors dramatically inhibit GnRH and LH secretion (Smith et al 2003, Goodman & Inskeep 2006 in adult ewes, and stressors such as high temperature might act to inhibit LH at some times and not others. Although NOS is stimulated by stress in rats (Kishimoto et al 1996, Kim & Rivier 2000, we know of no evidence directly linking NO to stress-induced inhibition of LH secretion in sheep, however, recently, glucocorticoid receptors have been found to colocalise with NADPH diaphorase-positive neurones in the preoptic area, arcuate nucleus and ventromedial nucleus of the ewe (Dufourny & Skinner 2002). The high degree of coexistence between NADPHd/NOS activity and the expression of glucocorticoid receptors in sheep suggests a direct control of NO production by corticosteroids and a possible mechanism by which glucocorticoids may inhibit GnRH secretion (Dufourny & Skinner 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Does nitric oxide act in the ventromedial preoptic area to mediate oestrogen negative feedback in the seasonally anoestrous ewe?

McManus¹,

Valent²,

Hardy³

et al. 2007

Reproduction

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Seasonal anoestrus in the ewe results from enhanced oestrogen negative feedback. Recent data have implicated the ventromedial preoptic area (vmPOA) as an important site of oestrogen action. This study addressed whether NO acts within the vmPOA to inhibit LH during seasonal anoestrus. In Experiment 1, microimplants containing Nu-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, NOS inhibitor), S-methyl thiocitrulline (SMTC, neural NOS (nNOS) inhibitor) or empty implants (control) were administered during mid-anoestrus to the vmPOA. L-NAME, but not SMTC, significantly increased LH pulse frequency. For Experiment 2, ewes in late anoestrus were administered 7-nitroindazole (7NI; nNOS inhibitor), L-NAME, SMTC, or empty implants. 7NI, but not L-NAME or SMTC, increased LH pulse frequency. In Experiment 3, the effects of microimplants and microinjections of L-NAME were compared in mid-anoestrus. Microinjections of L-NAME (300 nl at 10 mg/ml) increased LH pulse frequency, but microimplants did not. In late anoestrus, similar microinjections were ineffective. Taken together, the results of Experiments 1-3 suggested that NO inhibition may be stronger during the middle than at the end of seasonal anoestrus. To test this hypothesis, ewes in Experiment 4 received microinjection of L-NAME or vehicle thrice during the non-breeding season; none of the treatments increased LH pulse frequency. These results indicate that NO plays a role in the vmPOA in suppressing LH secretion during seasonal anoestrus because NOS inhibitors were consistently stimulatory when LH pulse frequency was low. However, the inconsistent and modest effects of these inhibitors suggest that NO actions in this area cannot completely account for the effects of inhibitory photoperiod. Reproduction (2007) 134 137-145

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Does nitric oxide act in the ventromedial preoptic area to mediate oestrogen negative feedback in the seasonally anoestrous ewe?

McManus¹,

Valent²,

Hardy³

et al. 2007

Reproduction

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“…Nitric oxide synthase is an enzyme group and has inducible (iNOS) and constitutive (cNOS), which includes neuronal NOS (nNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS), isoforms (Forstermann et al 1991(Forstermann et al , 1998. Each isoform has a specific distribution in the body including the adrenal gland (Kishimoto et al 1996, Cymeryng et al 2002, Lai et al 2005. Nitric oxide, similarly to prostaglandins, can modulate the release of stress hormones such as CRH, vasopressin, ACTH and corticosterone (Bugajski et al 2004, Rettori et al 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of flunixin meglumine and meloxicam influence on postoperative and oxidative stress in ovariohysterectomized bitches

Yilmaz¹,

Korkmaz²,

Jaroszewski³

et al. 2014

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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The aim of this study was to compare the effect of flunixin meglumine (FM) and meloxicam (M) on postoperative and oxidative stress in ovariohysterectomized bitches. Twenty four bitches were divided into three groups (n=8 in each) and treated during premedication as follows: FM (2.2 mg/kg, iv, Fluvil, Vilsan, Turkey), M (0.2 mg/kg, sc, Maxicam, Sanovel, Turkey) or 0.9% saline (1 ml, iv, IE, Turkey) -control (C) group. The concentrations of serum cortisol, nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant potential (AOP) and glutation (GSH) were measured in blood samples collected during incision (0 h), closure of incision line (0.5 h) and 1, 2.5, 12 and 24 hours after incision. It was observed that cortisol level was higher at 0.5, 1 and 2.5 h in group C (p < 0.05), 0.5 h in group FM (p < 0.001), and 1 and 2.5 h in group M (p < 0.01), as compared to that determine at 0 h. Group C showed higher cortisol level during 0.5 h (p < 0.05) than that found in the other groups. Group FM displayed lower levels during 1 h (p < 0.01) and 2.5 h (p < 0.05) as compared to those observed in other groups. Concentrations of MDA, AOP and GSH between all the groups did not show any significant differences. MDA level was higher at 0.5 and 1 h in group M (p < 0.05) than that found in group C and it was the lowest at 2.5 h in group C (p < 0.05). AOP was higher at 2.5 h in group FM and M (p < 0.05) than that observed in group C, and at 12 and 24 h in group M than that found in group C and FM. GSH did not show any significant differences between the groups. NO level in group FM after 12 h was higher (p < 0.05) than that at 0.5, 1 and 24 h. Moreover, NO level was lower at 0.5 (p < 0.01), 1 (p < 0.05) and 24 h (p < 0.05) in group FM than that observed in group C and M. In conclusion, flunixin meglumine decreases cortisol and NO levels more efficiently than meloxicam. Therefore, it is suggested that postoperative stress following ovariohysterectomy may be prevented by flunixin meglumine in bitches.

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“…Early experiments found immunoreactive NOS proteins or NOS activity in acutely isolated adrenal cortical tissue (Afework et al 1994, Marley et al 1995. nNOS also increased in rat adrenal cortex after immobilization stress (Kishimoto et al 1996, Natarajan et al 1997, and eNOS expression has been shown in rat zona glomerulosa (Natarajan et al 1997, Cymeryng et al 2002 and fasciculata (Cymeryng et al 2002) and in adult sheep fasciculata (Peterson et al 2001). , however, were unable to demonstrate the presence of NOS in cultured bovine adrenal zona glomerulosa cells by western analysis or NOS enzymatic activity.…”

Section: Cellular Localization Of Nos In Endocrine Tissuementioning

confidence: 96%

eNOS activation and NO function: Differential control of steroidogenesis by nitric oxide and its adaptation with hypoxia

Ducsay¹,

Myers²

2011

Journal of Endocrinology

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Nitric oxide (NO) plays a role in a wide range of physiological processes. Aside from its widely studied function in the regulation of vascular function, NO has been shown to impact steroidogenesis in a number of different tissues. The goal of this review is to explore the effects of NO on steroid production and further, to discern its source(s) and mechanism of action. Attention will be given to the regulation of NO synthases in specific endocrine tissues including ovaries, testes, and adrenal glands. The effects of hypoxia on generation of NO and subsequent effects on steroid biosynthesis will also be examined. Finally, a potential model for the interaction of hypoxia on NO synthesis and steroid production is proposed.

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Immobilization-induced stress activates neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) mRNA and protein in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in rats

Cited by 126 publications

References 35 publications

Does nitric oxide act in the ventromedial preoptic area to mediate oestrogen negative feedback in the seasonally anoestrous ewe?

Does nitric oxide act in the ventromedial preoptic area to mediate oestrogen negative feedback in the seasonally anoestrous ewe?

Comparison of flunixin meglumine and meloxicam influence on postoperative and oxidative stress in ovariohysterectomized bitches

eNOS activation and NO function: Differential control of steroidogenesis by nitric oxide and its adaptation with hypoxia

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