“…To verify the loading of the LO, and functionalization of anti-HER, the IR spectrum of free LO, HER, CS-LO NPs, CS-LO PEG NPs were compared, and the results are shown in Figure 2 a,b. The CS exhibited the characteristic vibration at 3351 cm −1 , 1648 cm −1 , and 1577 cm −1 assigned to the O-H stretching, C=O, amine I, and amine II respectively, while the 1419 cm −1 , 1375 cm −1 , 1314 cm −1 corresponding to O-H, and other characteristics peaks at 1060, 1026 assigned for C-N amine while peaks including 894 cm −1 , 555 cm −1 , 445 cm −1 accounted for C-H bending of CS [ 37 , 38 ]. The IR spectrum of the LO displayed primary protein absorption characteristic peaks at 3377 cm −1 accounting for N-H (primary amine), while 988 corresponded to C=C bending [ 39 ], Similarly, the protein absorption peaks for the lipase B and horseradish peroxidase are reported in the earlier work by using the IR spectrum [ 38 , 40 , 41 ].…”