Immobile and mobile elements during the transition of volcanic ash to bentonite – An example from the early Palaeozoic sedimentary section of the Baltic Basin

Kiipli, Tarmo; Hints, Rutt; Kallaste, Toivo; Verš, Evelin; Voolma, Margus

doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2016.11.009

Cited by 44 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…As discussed by Kiipli et al [35], Nb and Zr are immobile, and REE and Y are relatively mobile during alteration of volcanic ash to bentonite. REE and Y have also been noticed to be mobile in other studies [34].…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of the Original Volcanic Ashmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Not only the volcanogenic minerals, but immobile elements can also occur in diagenetic minerals such as kaolinite (Al) and anatase (Ti) [34]. Although smaller ions with high valence (high field strength elements) tend to be immobile, the mobility depends also on the pH, salinity and redox state of the water environment [35].…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of the Original Volcanic Ashmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although Ti is usually considered as immobile during the formation of tonsteins or bentonite [34,35], the mobility of Ti depends on the pH of the depositional environment. Although TiO2 is relatively immobile, the hydroxide (Ti(OH)4) is more soluble than Al2O3 at a slightly acid environment (pH of 5-6) [40].…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of the Original Volcanic Ashmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Origin of Minerals and Critical Metals in an Argillized Tuff from the Huayingshan Coalfield, Southwestern China

et al. 2017

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This paper reports the minerals in an argillized tuff from the Lvshuidong mine, Huayingshan Coalfield, southwestern China. The clay assemblages of the samples are mainly kaolinite, varying proportions of illite and trace chlorite. Other minerals include various proportions of pyrite, small proportions of carbonates (calcite and ankerite), anatase, rutile, hematite, florencite and rare analcite. The clay mineralogy of the tuff profile changes vertically due to the change in the depositional environment. Although illite is minor in the middle and lower parts of the profile, it is relatively abundant in a few topmost samples where the proportion of illite is comparable to that of kaolinite. This is probably because the original volcanic ash was mainly deposited in a continental environment, but marine water may have percolated to the uppermost layers of the ash bed during early diagenesis, leading to the formation of concretions of concentric rings of kaolinite and illite. The samples of this study are derived from alkali mafic volcanic ash with relatively high concentrations of critical metals, including Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, rare earth elements and Y.

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Section: Chemical Composition Of the Original Volcanic Ashmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Chemical Composition Of the Original Volcanic Ashmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Composition Of the Original Volcanic Ashmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Origin of Minerals and Critical Metals in an Argillized Tuff from the Huayingshan Coalfield, Southwestern China

et al. 2017

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“…The source of hydrothermal fluids is possibly derived from the major faults along Pa Sak River or the influence of the related to youngest intrusive rocks which exposed in the volcanic field and associated with sequences of felsic lavas. However, bentonites in sedimentary sections carry information about source magma and tectonic processes in volcanic areas [14][15][16][17] and directions of volcanic sources [18]. To investigate the geology of bentonite deposits related to tectonic evolution of the volcanic terrane, isotopic dating of the well-preserved phenocrysts [19][20][21], trace element contents (immobile and mobile elements), analyzed from the bulk bentonite, are wildly and carefully used for interpretations [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogy, geochemistry and genesis of bentonite deposits in Lam Narai volcanic belts, Lop Buri province, central Thailand

Siritongkham¹,

Srichan

Khositanont³

et al. 2020

SN Appl. Sci.

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Alteration in the subaqueous basaltic rock of the Lam Narai volcanic belts, Lop Buri province, central Thailand has resulted in the formation of bentonite deposits. The bentonite deposits have been geological, mineralogical and geochemical studied to determine their genesis. The characteristics of the bentonites were examined by using X-ray Diffractometer and Scanning Electron Microscope with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy. The mineralization zone of bentonite shown X-ray diffraction patterns of montmorillonite as the major constituent with minor hematite and calcite. Morphology of the minerals and groundmass in the bentonite deposits display the "cornflake," "oak leaf," or "cellular" textures that are typical and representative of montmorillonite in smectite group and composed of Si, Al, O, Ca, Mg and Fe in their chemical compositions. Geochemistry of the bentonite and their parental volcanic associations were analyses by using X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry for major and trace elements. The representative samples were selected for the analysis of the rare-earth elements by using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. The AI-CCPI alteration box plot revealed that the bentonite is mainly altered by hydrothermal alteration associated with basaltic layer in the Lam Narai volcanic belt. The basaltic layers in this area are composed of pillow lavas, inter-pillow and basic glassy inter-pillow (hyaloclastite) that indicated the subaqueous environment. The smectite formed by hydrothermal alteration from altered basic glassy inter-pillow (hyaloclastite) in the basaltic layers. Hydrothermal fluids in this area are possibly derived from the major fault along Pa Sak River or the youngest intrusive rocks in the Lam Narai volcanic terrain.

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“…The major elements, which are routinely used to classify fresh or slightly altered volcanic rocks, are of limited use when classifying extensively altered volcanic rocks because several elements, including K and Na, are known to be mobile during weathering and diagenesis (Winchester & Floyd, 1977;Floyd & Winchester, 1978;Zielinski, 1982;Christidis, 1998). Instead, the analysis of altered volcanic rocks focuses on trace elements including Ti, Zr, Nb, Hf and Ta, which are generally considered to be immobile during most upper crustal processes and are also indicators of petrogenetic processes (Floyd & Winchester, 1978;Huff et al 1993;Kiipli et al 2017). Presently, however, there is a dearth of published geochemical data from the Kanguk Formation bentonites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed local and ultra-distal volcanic ash deposition within the Upper Cretaceous Kanguk Formation, Sverdrup Basin, Canadian Arctic Islands

Pointon¹,

Flowerdew²,

Hülse³

et al. 2019

Geol. Mag.

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The Upper Cretaceous Kanguk Formation of the Sverdrup Basin, Canadian Arctic Islands, contains numerous diagenetically altered volcanic ash layers (bentonites). Eleven bentonites were sampled from an outcrop section on Ellesmere Island for U–Pb zircon secondary ion mass spectrometry dating and whole-rock geochemical analysis. Two distinct types of bentonite are identified from the geochemical data. Relatively thick (0.1 to 5 m) peralkaline rhyolitic to trachytic bentonites erupted in an intraplate tectonic setting. These occur throughout the upper Turonian to lower Campanian (c. 92–83 Ma) outcrop section and are likely associated with the alkaline phase of the High Arctic Large Igneous Province. Two thinner (<5 cm) subalkaline dacitic to rhyolitic bentonites of late Turonian to early Coniacian age (c. 90–88 Ma) are also identified. The geochemistry of these bentonites is consistent with derivation from volcanoes within an active continental margin tectonic setting. The lack of nearby potential sources of subalkaline magmatism, together with the thinner bed thickness of the subalkaline bentonites and the small size of zircon phenocrysts therein (typically 50–80 μm in length) are consistent with a more distal source area. The zircon U–Pb age and whole-rock geochemistry of these two subalkaline bentonites correlate with an interval of intense volcanism in the Okhotsk–Chukotka Volcanic Belt, Russia. It is proposed that during late Turonian to early Coniacian times intense volcanism within the Okhotsk–Chukotka Volcanic Belt resulted in widespread volcanic ash dispersal across Arctic Alaska and Canada, reaching as far east as the Sverdrup Basin, more than 3000 km away.

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Immobile and mobile elements during the transition of volcanic ash to bentonite – An example from the early Palaeozoic sedimentary section of the Baltic Basin

Cited by 44 publications

References 54 publications

Origin of Minerals and Critical Metals in an Argillized Tuff from the Huayingshan Coalfield, Southwestern China

Origin of Minerals and Critical Metals in an Argillized Tuff from the Huayingshan Coalfield, Southwestern China

Mineralogy, geochemistry and genesis of bentonite deposits in Lam Narai volcanic belts, Lop Buri province, central Thailand

Mixed local and ultra-distal volcanic ash deposition within the Upper Cretaceous Kanguk Formation, Sverdrup Basin, Canadian Arctic Islands

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