Immiscibility in sulfate-bearing fluid systems at high temperatures and pressures

Kotelnikova, Z. A.; Kotelnikov, A. R.

doi:10.1134/s0016702910040063

Cited by 12 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…3e). The presence of silicon in the sulfate-rich phases is consistent with the finding that quartz plays an active role in improving the sulfate solubility at elevated P-T conditions (Kotel'nikova and Kotel'nikov, 2010;Cui et al, 2020). Moreover, the incorporation of silicon into the quenched sulfate clearly demonstrates that the quenched sulfate was silicon-bearing sulfate melt instead of a crystalline phase.…”

Section: Determination Of Different Phases In the Immiscible Na 2 So ...supporting

confidence: 86%

“…Till now, two types of liquid-liquid immiscibility have been identified for sulfate-water systems: (i) fluid-melt immiscibility between an aqueous solution and a sulfate melt, which has been observed in natural fluid inclusions (Xie et al, 2009(Xie et al, , 2015(Xie et al, , 2016(Xie et al, , 2019(Xie et al, , 2020 and hydrothermal experiments (Kotel'nikova and Kotel'nikov, 2010;Cui et al, 2020); and (ii) fluid-fluid immiscibility between two aqueous fluids with different sulfate concentrations. Previous experiments showed that a homogeneous sulfate-bearing fluid can separate into two immiscible fluids with different sulfate concentrations, when heated above ~260°C and under vapor-saturated pressure (Schmidt, 2009;Wang et al, 2013Wang et al, , 2016Wang et al, , 2021Wan et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Melt–Fluid and Fluid–Fluid Immiscibility in a Na₂SO₄–SiO₂–H₂O System and Implications for the Formation of Rare Earth Deposits

Cui

Zhong

Xie

et al. 2021

Acta Geologica Sinica (Eng)

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Liquid-liquid immiscibility has crucial influences on geological processes, such as magma degassing and formation of ore deposits. Sulfate, as an important component, associates with many kinds of deposits. Two types of immiscibility, including (i) fluid-melt immiscibility between an aqueous solution and a sulfate melt, and (ii) fluid-fluid immiscibility between two aqueous fluids with different sulfate concentrations, have been identified for sulfate-water systems. In this study, we investigated the immiscibility behaviors of a sulfate-and quartz-saturated Na 2 SO 4 -SiO 2 -H 2 O system at elevated temperature, to explore the phase relationships involving both types of immiscibility. The fluid-melt immiscibility appeared first when the Na 2 SO 4 -SiO 2 -H 2 O sample was heated to ~270°C, and then fluid-fluid immiscibility emerged while the sample was further heated to ~450°C. At this stage, the coexistence of one water-saturated sulfate melt and two aqueous fluids with distinct sulfate concentrations was observed. The three immiscible phases remain stable over a wide pressure-temperature range, and the appearance temperature of the fluid-fluid immiscibility increases with the increased pressure. Considering that sulfate components occur extensively in carbonatite-related deposits, the fluid-fluid immiscibility can result in significant sulfate fractionation and provides implications for understanding the formation of carbonatite-related rare earth deposits.

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Section: Determination Of Different Phases In the Immiscible Na 2 So ...supporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melt–Fluid and Fluid–Fluid Immiscibility in a Na₂SO₄–SiO₂–H₂O System and Implications for the Formation of Rare Earth Deposits

Cui

Zhong

Xie

et al. 2021

Acta Geologica Sinica (Eng)

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“…In the H 2 O–Na 2 SO 4 analogue system, this would correspond to brines with salinities slightly higher than c. 5 wt% equivalent Na 2 SO 4 . Higher salinities (> c. 20 wt% equivalent Na 2 SO 4 ) are unlikely because of various metastability and immiscibility phenomena that were not observed in our heating–freezing experiments (Kotel'nikova & Kotel'nikov, 2008, 2010 a , b ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

The origin of celestine–quartz–calcite geodes associated with a basaltic dyke, Makhtesh Ramon, Israel

et al. 2013

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Spectacular celestine geodes occur in a Jurassic peri-evaporitic sequence (Ardon Formation) exposed in Makhtesh Ramon, southern Israel. The geodes are found only in one specific location: adjacent to an intrusive contact with a Lower Cretaceous basaltic dyke. Celestine, well known in sedimentary associations worldwide and considered as a low temperature mineral, may therefore be associated with magmatic-induced hydrothermal activity. Abundant fluid inclusions in celestine provide valuable information on its origin: gas-rich inclusions in celestine interiors homogenized at T≥200°C whereas smaller liquid-rich inclusions record the growth of celestine rims at T≤200°C. Near 0°C melting temperatures of some fluid inclusions and the occurrence of hydrous Ca-sulphate solid crystals in other inclusions indicate that celestine precipitated from variably concentrated Ca-sulphate aqueous solutions of meteoric origin. Celestine crystallized from meteoric water heated by the cooling basaltic dyke at shallow levels (c. 160 m) during a Lower Cretaceous thermal perturbation recorded by regional uplift and magmatism. The 87Sr/86Sr ratio of geode celestine, 0.7074, is similar to that measured in the dolostones of the host Jurassic sequence, but differs markedly from the non-radiogenic ratio of the dyke. Strontium in celestine was derived from dolostones preserving the 87Sr/86Sr of Lower Jurassic seawater, while sulphur (δ34S = 19.9‰) was provided by in situ dissolution of precursor marine gypsum (δ34S = 16.8‰) indicated by relict anhydrite inclusions in celestine. Low-temperature meteoric fluid flow during the Campanian caused alteration of the dyke into secondary clays and alteration of geodal celestine into quartz, calcite and iron oxides.

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“…Previous experiments have demonstrated that HSL similar in composition's to those obtained in this study, can be obtained by addition to the system SiO 2 -H 2 O such components as Na 2 O and Al 2 O 3 (Kravchuk, 1979;Mustart, 1972), K 2 O and Cs 2 O (Morey, Fenner, 1917;Rumyantsev, 1999), Li 2 O (Balitsky, et al, 2000), NaF (Kotel'nikova, Kotel'nikov, 2002;, NaF and H 3 BO 3 (Peretyazhko et al, 2010), Na 2 CO 3 (Butuzov, Bryatov, 1957;Kotel'nikova, Kotel'nikov, 2009a;Wilkin son et al, 1996), Na 2 O and H 3 BO 3 (Smirnov et al, 2005), and Na 2 SO 4 (Kotel'nikova, Kotel'nikov, 2010b).…”

Section: Implications For Hydrosilicate Liquids In Natural Processesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…2 The only example of Si rich hydrosaline melt is shown in (Rick ers et al, 2006;Thomas et al, 2006). important to this problem. Previous experiments showed that in the systems silicate-H 2 O-AX (Aalkali ion and X-hydroxyl, carbonate, borate, sul phate or fluoride ions), at T = 250-800°C and P = 1-3 kbar silicate minerals and hydrous fluid coexist with liquids, which are composed mostly of SiO 2 and H 2 O in almost equal molar proportions (Balitsky et al, 2000;Butuzov, Bryatov, 1957;Ganeev, Rumyantsev, 1971;Kotel'nikova, Kotel'nikov, 2002, 2009a, 2009b, 2010a, 2010bKravchuk, Valyashko, 1979;Morey, Fenner, 1917;Morey, Fleischer, 1940;Mustart, 1972;Peretyazhko et al, 2010;Rumyantsev, 1999;Smirnov et al, 2005;Tuttle, Friedman, 1946).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Hydrosilicate liquids in the system Na2O-SiO2-H2O with NaF, NaCl and Ta: Evaluation of their role in ore and mineral formation at high T and P

et al. 2012

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Consideration of the existence of hydrosilicate liquids (HSL) in nature can help in understanding the accumulation and transport of some mineral and ore forming components at the transition from mag mas to hydrothermal fluids. We studied the experimental formation of HSL using a base system Na 2 O-SiO 2 -H 2 O with addition of NaF, NaCl and metallic Ta. The interaction between quartz and aqueous solution, per formed at 1.5 kbar and 600°C and followed either by cooling or by quench, showed that the formation of HSL occurred when initial Na 2 O exceeded 2 wt %. Neither NaF nor NaCl have a significant effect on the forma tion of HSL. The HSL concentrates F, whereas Cl partitions into the aqueous fluid. With addition of Ta to the system, the HSL becomes metal enriched. Natural analogs of experimental HSL can be found among "melt/fluid" inclusions entrapped in quartz and other minerals of miaroles in granite pegmatites and rare metal granites. The HSL is a novel medium enabling extreme concentrations of lithophile ore metals at the magmatic hydrothermal transition.

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Immiscibility in sulfate-bearing fluid systems at high temperatures and pressures

Cited by 12 publications

References 4 publications

Melt–Fluid and Fluid–Fluid Immiscibility in a Na₂SO₄–SiO₂–H₂O System and Implications for the Formation of Rare Earth Deposits

Melt–Fluid and Fluid–Fluid Immiscibility in a Na₂SO₄–SiO₂–H₂O System and Implications for the Formation of Rare Earth Deposits

The origin of celestine–quartz–calcite geodes associated with a basaltic dyke, Makhtesh Ramon, Israel

Hydrosilicate liquids in the system Na2O-SiO2-H2O with NaF, NaCl and Ta: Evaluation of their role in ore and mineral formation at high T and P

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Immiscibility in sulfate-bearing fluid systems at high temperatures and pressures

Cited by 12 publications

References 4 publications

Melt–Fluid and Fluid–Fluid Immiscibility in a Na2SO4–SiO2–H2O System and Implications for the Formation of Rare Earth Deposits

Melt–Fluid and Fluid–Fluid Immiscibility in a Na2SO4–SiO2–H2O System and Implications for the Formation of Rare Earth Deposits

The origin of celestine–quartz–calcite geodes associated with a basaltic dyke, Makhtesh Ramon, Israel

Hydrosilicate liquids in the system Na2O-SiO2-H2O with NaF, NaCl and Ta: Evaluation of their role in ore and mineral formation at high T and P

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Melt–Fluid and Fluid–Fluid Immiscibility in a Na₂SO₄–SiO₂–H₂O System and Implications for the Formation of Rare Earth Deposits

Melt–Fluid and Fluid–Fluid Immiscibility in a Na₂SO₄–SiO₂–H₂O System and Implications for the Formation of Rare Earth Deposits