Immigration Policy and the Skills of Immigrants to Australia, Canada, and the United States

Antecol, Heather; Cobb‐Clark, Deborah A.; Trejo, Stephen J.

doi:10.2307/1558761

Cited by 140 publications

(78 citation statements)

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“…This chapter updates previous research exploring the potential for selection criteria, income-support policy and labour market conditions to facilitate entry into the Australian labour market (see Cobb-Clark, 2003). That research assessed initial outcomes (six months after migration) and concluded that the substantially improved outcomes for new arrivals over the 1990s resulted largely from changes in selection policy that led to enhanced skills amongst new immigrants.…”

mentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Australian labour markets and the dissimilarities in their immigration policies to shed light on the ways in which selection criteria might matter (see Chiswick, 1987;Duleep and Regets, 1992;Borjas, 1993;Antecol, et al, 2003a;2003b). These cross-national comparisons highlight the important role of the national origin mix in determining the skill level of the overall immigrant stream.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Selection Policy and the Labour Market Outcomes of New Immigrants

Cobb‐Clark¹

2006

Public Policy and Immigrant Settlement

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in Selection Policy and the Labour Market Outcomes of New ImmigrantsDeborah A. Cobb-Clark D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E S ABSTRACT Selection Policy and the Labour Market Outcomes of New ImmigrantsMany countries are placing a greater emphasis on productive skills in the immigrant selection policies as a way of achieving national objectives regarding immigration. These changes stem primarily from the belief that skill-based immigrants do better in some sense and provide greater economic benefits than immigrants admitted on the basis of their family relationships. This paper takes advantage of a change in Australian selection policy in the 1990s to assess the extent to which selection policy can facilitate employment outcomes for new arrivals over the medium run. The results indicate that the increased emphasis on productive skills in the selection process led to striking differences in the human capital endowments of new immigrants. These improvements in human capital in turn completely explain the higher participation rates amongst immigrants arriving in Australia at the end of the 1990s. Moreover, approximately half of the fall in men's unemployment rates also stems from increases in productive skills, though the substantial decline in women's unemployment rates are driven solely by changes in the returns to skills rather than skill levels themselves. Overall, these results indicate that there is a large potential for selection policy to influence immigrant outcomes not just immediately after migration but also in the medium run. At the same time, it is also clear that income-support policy and the overall state of the Australian labour market also had a hand in improving the labour market position of new arrivals.JEL Classification: J61, J22, J20

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confidence: 68%

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Selection Policy and the Labour Market Outcomes of New Immigrants

Cobb‐Clark¹

2006

Public Policy and Immigrant Settlement

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“…In France, the Ministry of Labor established in 2002 a system to induce highly skilled workers from outside the EU to live and work in France. Given the apparent demographic problems and the aging of populations, the intensity of the brain drain could increase further during the next decades 2 . What are the consequences for sending countries?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the International Mobility of Skilled Workers (1990–2000): Release 1.0

Docquier

Marfouk

2004

Policy Research Working Papers

162

140

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In this paper, we provide new estimates of skilled workers' emigration rates for about 190 countries in 2000 and 170 countries in 1990, including both developing and industrial countries. Using various statistical sources, we revisit Carrington and Detragiache's measures by incorporating information on immigrants' educational attainment and country of origin from almost all OECD countries. Our database covers 92.7 percent of the OECD immigration stock. In absolute terms, we show that the largest numbers of highly educated migrants are from Europe, Southern and Eastern Asia and, to a lesser extent, Central America. Nevertheless, as a proportion of the potential educated labor force, the highest brain drain rates are observed in the Caribbean, Central America, Western and Eastern Africa. Repeating the exercise for 1990 and 2000 allows us to evaluate the changes in brain drain intensity. Western Africa, Eastern Africa and Central America experienced a remarkable increase in the brain drain during the past decade.JEL Classi…cation: F22, J61.

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“…introduced in these countries since the 1980s: point-systems favoring educated migrants were first put in place in Australia and Canada in the early 1980s, and it has been argued that such point-systems explain the higher quality of immigrants to Canada or Australia compared to the US, even after controlling for country of origin (Antecol et al, 2000). The US has also introduced programs to raise the number of skilled professionals and highly educated migrants (H1-B visa programs in the late 1980s), but the US immigration policy is still dominantly targeted towards family reunion and asylum seekers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration selectivity and the evolution of spatial inequality

Kanbur¹,

Rapoport²

2005

Journal of Economic Geography

148

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1The basic neoclassical model of migration suggests that migration is induced by real income differentials across locations and will, ceteris paribus, serve to reduce those differentials. And yet there is evidence on growing spatial inequality despite increased migration from poorer to richer areas. At a theoretical level, one route to addressing this potential inconsistency is to introduce agglomeration effects into the standard neoclassical setup. This paper explores an alternative route, based on a theoretical and empirical proposition of the migration literature, namely, that migration is a selective process. Focusing on skilled migration, the paper demonstrates the different forces in play that make selective migration a force for both divergence and convergence, and characterizes where each set of forces dominates. Finally, it explores the consequences for convergence of combining both migration selectivity and agglomeration effects arising from migrant networks.

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Immigration Policy and the Skills of Immigrants to Australia, Canada, and the United States

Cited by 140 publications

References 11 publications

Selection Policy and the Labour Market Outcomes of New Immigrants

Selection Policy and the Labour Market Outcomes of New Immigrants

Measuring the International Mobility of Skilled Workers (1990–2000): Release 1.0

Migration selectivity and the evolution of spatial inequality

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