Immigration of Sogatella Furcifera from the Greater Mekong Subregion into Northern China Revealed by 2b-RAD Sequencing

Abstract

Background The white-backed planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) (Hemiptera, Delphacidae), is a migratory pest of rice in Asia. Shandong Province, in northern China, is located on the migration pathway of WBPH between southern and northeast China. The potential sources of WBPH in northern China are poorly understood. We studied the sources of WBPH in Shandong Province by determining the population genetic structure of WBPH in 18 sites distributed in Shandong and in six regions of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS). We used mitochondrial gene and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers (2b-RAD sequencing) for analysis.Results All of the WBPH populations studied in the seven regions had low genetic diversity. Pairwise FST values ranged from − 0.061 to 0.285, while FST based on SNP data ranged from − 0.007 to 0.009. These two molecular markers revealed that 4.40% (mtDNA) and 0.19% (SNP) genetic variation could be explained by the interpopulation variation, while the rest came from intrapopulation variation. The populations in the seven geographic regions comprised four hypothetical genetic clusters (K = 4) not associated with geographic location. Eighty-four of 129 individuals distributed across the given area were designated as recent migrants or of admixed ancestry. Although the substantial migration presented, a weak but significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances was found (r = 0.083, P = 0.004).Conclusion GMS was the main source of WBPH in Shandong, while other source populations may also exist. The genetic structure of WBPH is shaped by both migration and geographic barriers. These results help clarify the migration route and the source of WBPH in northern China.

Invasion genomics uncover complex introduction patterns of the globally invasive whitefly, Bemisia tabaciMED

“…The invasion and spread pattern of alien species has garnered significant attention (Dalmon et al, 2008;, Chu et al, 2010. The utilization of RAD-seq approach has evidenced to be effective in uncovering the invasion and spread of various species populations (Blanco-Bercial & Bucklin, 2016;Wosula et al, 2017;Yang et al, 2020). In our study, we applied the 2b-RAD sequencing method to delineate the invasion pattern by collecting samples from both native (Mediterranean regions) and invasive (Asia and North America) populations.…”

“…A crucial first step in mitigating the impact of invasive species is to comprehend their invasion history, such as the invasion origin, expansion process, invasive capability and possible genetic adaptation to novel environment stress in invaded regions (Estoup & Guillemaud, 2010;Ryan et al, 2019). The role of genomics in understanding these invasions has gained increasing recognition, and the provision of reference genomes is allowing for the use of restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) to accurately delineate the evolutionary history and genetic composition of both native and invasive populations (North et al, 2021;Yang et al, 2020).…”

“…While nextRAD sequencing was used for analysing the admixture and demographic history of B. tabaci MED, the comprehensive genetic structure at a global scale is still not well understood due to limited sampling, particularly in Asia's invasive regions (Elfekih et al, 2018). Another genotyping technology, the Type IIB-Digest Restriction Site-Associated DNA fragment procedure (2bRAD), has been shown to be effective in characterizing population genetics in small-bodied insect pests (Elfekih et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2012;Yang et al, 2020). A high-quality draft genome of the B. tabaci species could provide a fundamental basis for the identification of SNPs and selected genes that probably involved in environmental adaptation.…”