Immigration, Kinship, and the Rise of Working-Class Realism in Industrial America

Inclusive Institutions and Long-Run Misallocation

“…As derived in (18), g t+1 = g(v(X; g t )) + g t (g t ; X); and (0; X) = g(v(X; 0)) > 0; (39) as established in Lemma 1. Moreover, as follows from (9), (27), and Lemma 1,…”

“…Greater resource-intensity is associated with a higher level of community services because of its complementarity with labor and the presence of network externalities. If networks compete directly with each other, the cost of an individual's exit on members that remain will be even larger in resource rich (ethnically heterogenous) locations, reinforcing this results 9. In contrast, a measure based on population density, (i.e., the ratio of population to total county area) will not permit us to disentangle the long-run e¤ect of initial resources from the population level.…”

Identity, Parochial Institutions, and Occupational Choice: Linking the Past to the Present in the American Midwest

“…Given the dynamic nature of the economy at the time of initial settlement, however, 1860 fractionalization would soon have been uncorrelated with population characteristics and we expect the predictions for participation to hold up within a few decades of 1860. 13 Although the number of members was also collected in the 1972-2000 census rounds, this statistic is not available for Catholics, a major denomination in our Midwestern counties, in these rounds.…”

Extended schooling, adolescence, and the renegotiation of responsibility among Italian immigrant families in New Haven, Connecticut, 1910–1940

“…Initially, they accomplished this by sending their children out to work, but later, when male household heads earned a larger income, they reversed the pattern and lengthened schooling to the extent feasible for all children. Birth order rather than gender seems to have been the key determinant within these families in choosing among children to be schooled (Modell, 1978;Bodnar, 1980;Clubb, Austin, and Kirk, 1989;Glenn, 1990).…”