Immigration Governance for the Twenty-First Century

Abstract

The governance of immigration has a checkered past, and policy makers' efforts at reform rarely meet expectations. Critiques have echoed over the years and across the political spectrum. The current system of immigration governance is scattered around the federal government, with no clear chain of command. No single government department or agency captures the breadth of the Immigration and Nationality Act's reach. At the crux of understanding immigration governance is acknowledging that immigration is not a program to be administered; rather, it is a phenomenon to be managed. The abundance of commissions that have studied the issues and the various administrative structures over time offers some wisdom on ingredients for successful governance. Based upon this research, options for effective immigration governance emerge. This paper studies the administration of immigration law and policy with an eye trained on immigration governance for the future. It opens with a historical overview that provides the backdrop for the current state of affairs. It then breaks down the missions and functions of the Immigration and Nationality Act by the lead agencies tasked with these responsibilities. The paper concludes with an analysis of options for improving immigration governance. Each of these options poses unique challenges as well as political obstacles.

Kebijakan Migrasi dan Overstay Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 pada Tata Kelola Keimigrasian di Indonesia

“…Tata kelola migrasi global didefinisikan sebagai formalitas yang terdiri dari aturan, standar, norma, prinsip, prosedur pada tiga tingkat: multilateralisme, keterlibatan, jaringan informal (Arifin, 2018). Selain itu, penting untuk mengetahui penyebab migrasi global, dalam hal kesetaraan dan keberlanjutan dalam kerangka perlindungan pasir yang sesuai di mana tata kelola migrasi global mempromosikan manajemen migrasi dan kebijakan global dengan ruang "diciptakan" dan "diundang" (Wasem, 2018). Dalam membangun jaringan kebijakan, ruang lingkup kerja sama tata kelola migrasi global oleh organisasi internasional harus mempertimbangkan berbagai tujuan nasional masingmasing negara dan manfaat tambahan dari migrasi (Newland, 2012).…”

“…Pemerintah sebagai pembuat kebijakan dipengaruhi oleh sistem politik kelompok kepentingan yang tunduk pada pembangunan ekonomi dan kesejahteraan (Hanson, 2010), dan kebijakan dalam mekanismenya mungkin sangat sah atau sebaliknya. Tata kelola keimigrasian adalah tentang administrasi dan manajemen, yang tidak sebatas menjalankan program, tetapi bagaimana merespon dan mengelola isu-isu global atau nasional (Wasem, 2018).…”

Untitled

“…While the physiological needs are the basis of the sanctuary laid down by Maslow, they are arranged in an escalating order followed by security and safety needs. These are considered the most important reason for behavior, and they express belonging and feel that he has a place in the group (Wasem, 2018).…”

Wait-times, visa queues and uncertainty: the barriers to American legal migration

“…Removing the national origins quota in 1965, the Hart-Celler Act amended the INA by introducing statutory provisions regulating permanent residency and introducing per country ceilings. Other amendments include the Refugee Act of 1980 and the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) of 1986 which granted LPR status to 2.1 million undocumented aliens residing in the United States as of 1982 (Obinna, 2018a;Wasem, 2018). The provisions regulating LPR were significantly revised in the Immigration Act of 1990 which increased per country ceilings and introduced the diversity visa for immigrants whose citizenry was underrepresented in the U.S. (Donato et al, 1992).…”

“…Numerically limited family reunification categories often end up going through the consular process. Still, depending on country of origin, the processing time for immigrant visas can vary by the volume of applications being processed by the NVC and the U.S consulate where the applicant had their interview (Wasem, 2012(Wasem, , 2018. As a result, immigrant visas obtained through CP can take longer based on the length of time it takes for the Department of State to process the petition.…”