Immigration costs for female chimpanzees and male protection as an immigrant counterstrategy to intrasexual aggression

Kahlenberg, Sonya M.; Thompson, Melissa Emery; Muller, Martin N.; Wrangham, Richard W.

doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.05.029

Cited by 136 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…In this way, immigrants are able reduce the levels of aggression they receive from resident females. 127 Taken together, the preceding observations suggest that female chimpanzees compete for space, with highranking females excluding lower ranking females from high-quality habitats. This, in turn, has important consequences for female feeding behavior, condition, and reproduction.…”

Section: Female Chimpanzee Competitionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Dominance rank relationships between individuals can, on occasion, be determined, but typically only after many years of observation. [123][124][125][126][127][128] As a result, female chimpanzees are often portrayed as comparatively shy, secretive, and noncompetitive. Long-term studies are beginning to transform this depiction of female chimpanzees, revealing a surprisingly competitive side that has remained hidden until now.…”

Section: Female Chimpanzee Competitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cooperation and competition in chimpanzees: Current understanding and future challenges

Mitani¹

2009

Evolutionary Anthropology

114

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Section: Female Chimpanzee Competitionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Female Chimpanzee Competitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooperation and competition in chimpanzees: Current understanding and future challenges

Mitani¹

2009

Evolutionary Anthropology

114

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“…: natal: 345 ± 165 hrs/month, immigrants 447 ± 114 hr/month) and during estrus, specifically (natal: 125 ± 67 hrs/month, immigrants: 232 ± 78 hrs/month). In fact, our ability to observe immigrants is enhanced by their tendency to affiliate with large groups of males as a counterstrategy to the aggression they receive from resident females (Kahlenberg et al, 2008b).…”

Section: Reproductive Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Samples were analyzed for cortisol using enzyme-immunoassay reagents provided by C.J. Munro at the University of California at Davis and protocols previously described for use with chimpanzees (Muller et al, 2007;Kahlenberg et al, 2008b). Interassay coefficients of variation for this assay were 11.5 and 14.4% (N = 94) for high and low pools, respectively.…”

Section: Glucocorticoid Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

The context of female dispersal in Kanyawara chimpanzees

Stumpf

Thompson

Muller

et al. 2009

Behav

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SummaryIn most social mammals, members of either one sex or both leave their natal group at sexual maturity. In catarrhine primates, male emigration is the predominant pattern. Female philopatry facilitates cooperation among kin, and female reproductive success is influenced by these relationships. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are unusual in that dispersal is almost exclusively by females. While plausible ultimate hypotheses can explain this dispersal pattern, the proximate causes of female dispersal are unknown and warrant examination due to variation in dispersal behavior and the associated high costs of immigration. In this study, we examine the behavioral and hormonal context of female dispersal in chimpanzees of Kibale National Park, Uganda, in order to understand variation in dispersal patterns and gain insight into functional explanations. Using over 10 years of behavioral, endocrinological, and demographic records, we examined the significance of 5 potential predictors of the timing of dispersal: (1) maturational state; (2) association patterns; (3) mating patterns; (4) physiological stress; and (5) feeding ecology. Female dispersal was not strictly predicted by chronological or gynecological age, and dispersal did not correlate with shifts in glucocorticoid levels. We found no evidence that females avoided mating in their natal group, even with known relatives, suggesting that inbreeding avoidance is not a sufficient proximate explanation for dispersal in chimpanzees.Instead, variation in social development and the availability of energy for dispersal were implicated and necessitate more intensive examination along with subtler variation in maturational trajectories.

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“…group, often at a high cost (e.g. Kahlenberg et al 2008), but whether the quality of such 120 relationships can improve over the years, is unknown. 121…”

Section: Introduction 45mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability and Change of Social Relationship Quality in Captive Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

et al. 2012

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In social animals an individual's fitness depends partly on the quality of relationships with others. Qualitative variation in relationships has been conceptualized according to a three-dimensional structure, consisting of relationship value, compatibility, and security. However, the determinants of the components and their temporal stability are not well understood. We studied relationship quality in a newly formed group of 20 captive chimpanzees made up of several previously existing social groups. We assessed dyadic relationship quality 2 yr and again 7 yr after grouping. We confirmed the existence and stability of three relationship components and labeled them value, compatibility, and approach symmetry. Previously familiar dyads had a higher value than unfamiliar dyads, especially when they were maternally or paternally related. Compatibility was higher in dyads with only females than in dyads containing a male, but familiarity did not influence compatibility. Approach symmetry was initially higher, but later lower, in familiar than unfamiliar dyads, indicating that approach symmetry of familiar dyads decreased over time. Dyadic value and compatibility were highly stable over time, which is similar to the long relationship duration found in wild chimpanzees. In sum, relationships formed earlier in life became more valuable than those formed in later adulthood, whereas nonaggressive, compatible relationships could be formed throughout life. This suggests that for immigrating individuals, high-value relationships may be relatively difficult to establish, partly explaining why wild female chimpanzees have relatively few high-quality relationships with other females. Our study supports the multicomponent structure and durability of relationships in social species.

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Immigration costs for female chimpanzees and male protection as an immigrant counterstrategy to intrasexual aggression

Cited by 136 publications

References 67 publications

Cooperation and competition in chimpanzees: Current understanding and future challenges

Cooperation and competition in chimpanzees: Current understanding and future challenges

The context of female dispersal in Kanyawara chimpanzees

Stability and Change of Social Relationship Quality in Captive Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

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