“…Language barriers are experienced by both new and long-term immigrants due to difficulty in describing symptoms using the English language, as well as understanding English instructions from the physician [8]. These difficulties may cause delays in accessing health promotion programs, such as getting the flu shot [8], and can also lower odds of contacting a variety of health care providers, such as an optometrist [7,9]. Recent immigration contributes to a more pronounced reduction in Canadian immigrants initially accessing care due to communication difficulties, but language continues to be detrimental to health care delivery even after care is sought [9].…”