Immigration and Economic Growth in the OECD Countries, 1986-2006

Abstract

Ce papier reconsidère l'impact des migrations internationales sur la croissance économique pour 22 pays de OCDE entre 1986-2006 et repose sur une base de données originale que nous avons compilée, qui permet de distinguer entre le solde migratoire des autochtones et des étrangers, par niveau de qualification. Plus précisément, après avoir introduit les flux migratoires dans un modèle de Solow-Swan augmenté, nous estimons un modèle dynamique sur données de panel par la méthode des moments généralisés (SYS-GMM) afin de tenir compte de l'endogénéité potentielle de la variable migration. Deux conclusions importantes ressortent de notre analyse. Premièrement, il existe un impact positif du capital humain des migrants sur le PIB par tête, et deuxièmement, une hausse permanente des flux migratoires exerce un effet positif sur la croissance de la productivité. Cependant, l'impact de l'immigration sur la croissance demeure faible, et cela, même dans les pays ayant des politiques migratoires sélectives.

The Effect of Brexit on British Workers Living in the EU

“…In terms of migration, the studies suggest that Brexit restrictions are likely to lead to a labour shortage 1 and to a marginal increase in wages for low-skill workers, but, most importantly, it is likely to have a significant reduction on GDP per capita and productivity (Portes and Forte, 2017;Campos and Timini, 2019), particularly in sectors that rely on EU highly skilled workers, such as in the financial sector (Sampson, 2017). Some studies even suggest that the economic impacts of migration are higher than the economic impacts of FDI or trade, mostly due to the relevance of intellectual capital and the skill composition of UK migration (Boubtane et al, 2016;Booth et al, 2015;Portes and Forte, 2017).…”

“…Several studies have evaluated the migration implications after Brexit on the UK economy (Portes and Forte, 2017;Campos and Timini, 2019;Boubtane et al, 2016;Jafari and Britz, 2017;Parker, 2017;Portes and Forte, 2017;Portes, 2021), however knowledge regarding the impact of Brexit on the remaining EU countries is scarce. This lack of attention is striking, considering that 1.2 million British citizens were living in an EU country in 2015 (United Nations and Social Affairs, 2019).…”

“…Third, Portugal is one of the advanced economies to have experienced a large boost in productivity due to migration. According to Boubtane et al (2016), in the case of Portugal, a 1 percentage point increase in the migrant share of the working-age population leads to a 0.6 percent increase in productivity. Therefore, understanding the effects of Brexit has important consequences for the Portuguese economy.…”

Immigrants, voter sentiment, and local public goods: The case of museums

“…Prospectively, these choices could impact the degree of both cultural diversity and social cohesion and, ultimately, economic growth and development. Immigrants may be an economic resource for the hosting regions or countries (Battisti et al, 2017; Boubtane et al, 2016; Ottaviano & Peri, 2006, 2013), yet heterogeneity in immigrant characteristics, integration patterns, and integration policy approaches may lead to very different equilibria (Algan et al, 2013). It is therefore of paramount importance to implement integration policies—involving both immigrants and residents—that maximize the potential positive contribution of immigrants to the economy and society more generally.…”

Interplay between intra-urban population density and mobility in determining the spread of epidemics

“…During the last century, humankind has rapidly evolved into an interconnected society driven by the existence of a vast mobility network connecting different areas around the globe. In particular, the striking growth experienced by the international mobility network [1] has helped to bridge socio-cultural [2][3][4] and economic gaps [5]. Accompanying this is the phenomenon of urbanization, whereby a majority of the world's population reside in densely packed urban centers, with the trend only accelerating [6,7], given the socioeconomic advantages that cities afford [8,9].…”