In this paper we want to explore some issues arising from our undertaking a policy-oriented research project in the field of race relations: some of these issues derive from the aim of policy-orientation, some from the field of 'race relations'.The background to the research, as is appropriate for its place-the Centre for Urban and Regional Studies at Birmingham University-is the debate over housing policy, particularly council housing policy. The Cullingworth Committee on the allocation of council housing found local authorities in a confused state as to what they should be doing; research had shown up the shortcomings and dilemmas; there was no shortage of data about the fact of large concentrations of coloured immigrants in housing stress areas; but there were scanty data on the conditions in which coloured families live; there were varieties in the rules of residence and length of stay as admission qualifications, and there were hopes rather than policies for dispersal.'The Committee Report argued emphatically for positive declared policies, and outlined how standard practices in relation to assessment and access, which assume considerable knowledge of the intricate confusing process of local authority housing, could have the effect of excluding coloured families, as do rules about eligibility, as well as prejudice. But the Committee was also clearly convinced that there is more to policy than improved communication: they treat with admirable clarity the problem of dispersal. It puts forward the arguments about the undesirability of concentrations in poor areas, recognises the effects of discrimination and the avoidance of it, and poses the question: 'What if free choice leads to a continuation of, or even an increase in, concentration ?' It argues that no answer can be given, there is insufficient knowledge to assess the prediction, its consequences, or its remedy. 'We are convinced that any policy of dispersal in the field of housing must be implemented with great sensitivity, with no element of compulsion or direction, and can proceed only at the pace of the needs and wishes of the people involved .... In no other field is policy in such great need of continuous review on the basis of research.12But what research exactly ? There is a somewhat simplistic notion conveyed by the report that policy must be based on what people want: to discover these wants and aspirations and spell out ways in which they may be satisfied is the goal of policy-oriented research. If a conflict is discovered-'What if immigrants don't want to be dispersed ?'-then perhaps policy should try cautiously to effect a change in attitude: or such is the drift in that line of argument. Policy makers find as a result that, in the short run at least, they are advocating two