“…needle; pain) towards more pleasant or interesting stimuli presented in VR; resulting in lowered pain perception and pain behaviour (e.g. grimacing, crying, moaning, moving) (Malloy & Milling, 2010;Won et al, 2017). These effects have been demonstrated in children undergoing various medical procedures such as intravenous cannulas (Gold, Kim, Kant, Joseph, & Rizzo, 2006), cancer treatments including chemotherapy, lumbar punctures, and port access (Gershon, Zimand, Pickering, Rothbaum, & Hodges, 2004;Sander Wint, Eshelman, Steele, & Guzzetta, 2002;Schneider & Workman, 1999Wolitzky, Fivush, Zimand, Hodges, & Rothbaum, 2005), burn-wound cleaning (Dascal et al, 2017;Jeffs et al, 2014) and traumatic wound care (Hua, Qiu, Yao, Zhang, & Chen, 2015).…”