Immersive Analytics: The Influence of Flow, Sense of Agency, and Presence on Performance and Satisfaction

Abstract

Performance and user satisfaction are key quality indicators in immersive analytics. Performance in terms of, e.g., error rate can only be measured if a ground truth is known to evaluate whether a user action or analysis result is erroneous. Thus, an estimate measure is needed to indicate the user's performance without having a ground truth available. This work investigates flow, sense of agency and presence as possible candidates in two experiments. First, these candidates are tested for their predictive value for task performance and satisfaction without task-related semantics to reduce bias from low task-interaction congruence. After the first experiment showed that only flow predicts performance and satisfaction, the second experiment tests flow, performance, and satisfaction in a realistic analytics scenario to improve external validity. The results suggest that flow experience might be a promising estimate for performance and satisfaction and thus quality of the immersive analytics tool.