Immersed solvent microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometric detection of s-triazine herbicides in aquatic media

Bagheri, Habib; Khalilian, Faezeh

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2005.01.036

Cited by 66 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Bagheri and Khalilian [30] successfully developed SDME method for trace enrichment of s-triazine herbicides from aquatic samples. The highest possible microdrop volume of 3.0 mL, a sampling temperature of 601C, and use of butyl acetate as extracting solvent were optimized for high enrichment factors.…”

Section: Sdme With Gc-msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and applications of single‐drop microextraction for pesticide residue analysis: A review

Pakade

Tewary

2010

J of Separation Science

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Single-drop microextraction (SDME) has become more popular than other microextraction techniques because it is simple, cost-effective, easy to operate and nearly solvent-free. The technique has been employed successfully for trace analysis in environmental, biomedical and food applications. In view of the increasingly stringent regulatory limits for many pesticides, which are below the LOD of the existing instruments, SDME may provide a cost-effective solution for reducing the LOD of pesticides. The present review focuses on recent development in SDME technique, and its application coupled with various analytical techniques, such as GC-MS, GC and HPLC for pesticide residue analysis in different matrices. The advantages, limitations and outlook on the future of SDME technique for its wider applications are also discussed.

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Section: Sdme With Gc-msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and applications of single‐drop microextraction for pesticide residue analysis: A review

Pakade

Tewary

2010

J of Separation Science

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“…Moreover, atrazine has been classified as a human carcinogen [18]. At present, different analytical methods, such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [19][20][21], HPLC [22][23][24] and capillary electrophoresis [25], have been used for the separation and quantification of triazine herbicides. To achieve a necessary level of sensitivity, many sample preparation techniques have been developed for the extraction of triazine herbicides from different samples, including LLE [1], SPE [26], supercritical fluid extraction [27], microwave-assisted solvent extraction [24], single-drop microextraction [28], dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction [20], ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction [29], hollow fiber LPME [30] and SPME [21,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene‐coated fiber for solid‐phase microextraction of triazine herbicides in water samples

Cheng

Zhao

et al. 2011

J of Separation Science

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Graphene is a novel and interesting carbon material that could be used for the separation and purification of some chemical compounds. In this investigation, graphene was used as a novel fiber-coating material for the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) of four triazine herbicides (atrazine, prometon, ametryn and prometryn) in water samples. The main parameters that affect the extraction and desorption efficiencies, such as the extraction time, stirring rate, salt addition, desorption solvent and desorption time, were investigated and optimized. The optimized SPME by graphene-coated fiber coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) was successfully applied for the determination of the four triazine herbicides in water samples. The linearity of the method was in the range from 0.5 to 200 ng/mL, with the correlation coefficients (r) ranging from 0.9989 to 0.9998. The limits of detection of the method were 0.05-0.2 ng/mL. The relative standard deviations varied from 3.5 to 4.9% (n=5). The recoveries of the triazine herbicides from water samples at spiking levels of 20.0 and 50.0 ng/mL were in the range between 86.0 and 94.6%. Compared with two commercial fibers (CW/TPR, 50 μm; PDMS/DVB, 60 μm), the graphene-coated fiber showed higher extraction efficiency.

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“…A aplicação desta técnica de extração foi realizada com sucesso na extração de herbicidas em diferentes tipos de matrizes [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] . Desde a primeira citação por Arthur e Pawliszyn 17 , a SPME teve um rápido crescimento em seu uso devido à sua simplicidade e vasto campo de aplicação como alternativa aos métodos tradicionais 18 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Determinação de herbicidas usados no cultivo de arroz irrigado na região sul do estado de Santa Catarina através da SPME-GC-ECD

Costa¹,

Sant'ana²,

Suchara³

et al. 2008

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 21/12/06; aceito em 21/6/07; publicado na web em 19/12/07 DETERMINATION OF HERBICIDES USED IN IRRIGATED RICE CULTIVATION IN THE SOUTH OF SANTA CATARINA USING SPME-GC-ECD. Evaluation of the pollution by the herbicides alachlor, propanil and atrazine in water samples from four rivers in the cities of Turvo and Meleiro, south of Santa Catarina State, was made using the SPME-GC-ECD method. The proposed method was optimized and validated. The correlation coefficients were higher than 0.997 and linear ranges of the analytical curves were 0.1-4; 0.1-2.5 and 0.1-5 μg L -1 for atrazine, alachlor and propanil, respectively. The herbicides were quantified by GC-ECD and identified by GC-MS. Both of the selected rivers presented contamination by at least one of the studied herbicides.Keywords: herbicides; river water; SPME. INTRODUÇÃOA região sul catarinense é abastecida pela bacia hidrográfica do rio Araranguá, sendo seus principais afluentes os rios Manoel Alves, Amola-Faca e Itoupava. Estes rios têm uma vital importância para região sul de Santa Catarina, pois eles banham as áreas agriculturáveis localizadas as suas margens. Eles beneficiam os rizicultores de todo vale e contribuem também para outras culturas, pecuária, pesca, turismo, bem como o abastecimento de água potá-vel para os habitantes da região.Em Santa Catarina, o cultivo de arroz é realizado 100% no sistema pré-germinado, alcançando uma produtividade ao redor de 7.000 kg ha -1 , em uma área de 126 mil ha. O Estado ocupa o segundo lugar na produção de arroz irrigado, com cerca de 800 mil t anuais, sendo o sul do estado responsável por 42% do total da produção 1 .No entanto, existe a preocupação em relação ao uso indiscriminado dos pesticidas que após aplicação são absorvidos pelas argilas contidas no solo e permanecem expostos às inúmeras reações químicas, físicas e biológicas. Desta forma, sabe-se que a aplicação destes produtos é perceptível pelo odor característico que se constata em cidade como Turvo e Meleiro 1 . Geralmente, a população costuma atribuir os elevados níveis de turbidez dos rios, principalmente na época do preparo de canchas de arroz, à contaminação por pesticidas utilizados na lavoura de arroz.O uso generalizado e intensivo de pesticidas tem gerado diversos problemas relacionados à saúde pública e ao desequilíbrio ambiental, tais como intoxicações de agricultores, contaminações de alimentos, água e solos, resistência de espécies combatidas às substâncias empregadas e danos em espécies não visadas 2 . O desequilíbrio ecológi-co ocasionado acarreta problemas à própria agricultura, agravando o surgimento e proliferação de pragas e doenças e, conseqüentemente, aumento da necessidade de usar mais pesticidas 3 .O despejo de substâncias tóxicas utilizadas na agricultura é uma das fontes de contaminação das águas, pois cada vez mais utilizamse inseticidas, herbicidas, fungicidas e toda uma série de praguicidas.Mesmo que estas substâncias cheguem aos rios e lagos em pequenas quantidades, a bioacumulação fará com que sua ação seja prejudi...

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Immersed solvent microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometric detection of s-triazine herbicides in aquatic media

Cited by 66 publications

References 37 publications

Development and applications of single‐drop microextraction for pesticide residue analysis: A review

Development and applications of single‐drop microextraction for pesticide residue analysis: A review

Graphene‐coated fiber for solid‐phase microextraction of triazine herbicides in water samples

Determinação de herbicidas usados no cultivo de arroz irrigado na região sul do estado de Santa Catarina através da SPME-GC-ECD

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