Immediate treatment following the November 13 attacks: Use of an EMDR emergency protocol

Brennstuhl, Marie-Jo; Bassan, Fanny; Fayard, Anne-Marie; Fisselbrand, Mathieu; Guth, Amandine; Hassler, Maud; Lebourg, Karen; Pavisse, Rachel; Peter, Lydia; Thiriet, Adeline; Tarquinio, Pascale; Rydberg, Jenny Ann; Tarquinio, Cyril

doi:10.1016/j.ejtd.2018.09.004

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The remaining studies either did not assess any diagnosis before the experiment or recruited help‐seeking individuals that did not fully meet diagnostic criteria for any disorder. Interventions: As seen in Table 2, four different EMDR group protocols were reported in 22 articles. Thirteen studies tested EMDR IGTP protocol (Adúriz, Bluthgen, & Knopfler, 2009; Allon, 2015; Brennstuhl et al, 2019; Harris et al, 2018; Jarero et al, 2008, 2015; Jarero & Artigas, 2010; Jarero, Rake, & Givaudan, 2017; Maslovaric et al, 2017; Morrissey, 2016; Passoni et al, 2018; Perilli et al, 2019; Trentini et al, 2018); four articles tested EMDR IGTP‐OTS protocol (Jarero, Givaudan, & Osorio, 2018; Josefa Molero, Jarero, & Givaudan, 2019; Osorio, Perez, Tirando, & Jarero, 2018; Smyth‐dent, Fitzgerald, & Hagos, 2019); four articles examined EMDR G‐TEP protocol (Lehnung, Shapiro, Schreiber, & Hofmann, 2017; Roberts, 2018; Tsouvelas, Chondrokouki, Nikolaidis, & Shapiro, 2019; Yurtsever et al, 2018); and one article used EMDR GP/C Protocol (Korkmazlar et al, 2020). Treatments lasted between one session to 10 sessions over 1 day to 10 weeks.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the details of the follow‐up period were unclear in both studies. Another trial of IGTP with children was done after the terrorist attacks in Paris in 2015 (Brennstuhl et al, 2019). The 36 children, aged between 12 to 13 years, with peritraumatic dissociation received 1 session of IGTP intervention.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the above effects, SUD was reported as an outcome in five studies (Allon, 2015; Brennstuhl et al, 2019; Jarero et al, 2008; Jarero & Artigas, 2010; Maslovaric et al, 2017). Each study reported a significant reduction in SUD scores between pretreatment and posttreatment assessment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Group eye movement desensitization and reprocessing interventions in adults and children: A systematic review of randomized and nonrandomized trials

Kaptan

Özen-Dursun

Knowles

et al. 2021

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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This review systematically synthesized existing literature on group protocols of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy for treating a range of mental health difficulties in adults and children. We conducted database searches on PsychINFO, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library and Francine Shapiro Library up to May 2020, using PRISMA guidelines. Studies were included if they used at least one standardized outcome measure, if they present a quantitative data on the effect of group EMDR protocols on mental health difficulties and if they were published in English. Twenty‐two studies with 1739 participants were included. Thirteen studies examined EMDR Integrative Group Treatment Protocol (IGTP), four studies examined EMDR Group Traumatic Episode Protocol (G‐TEP), four studies EMDR Integrative Group Treatment Protocol for Ongoing Traumatic Stress and one study considered EMDR Group Protocol with Children. Of the 22 studies included, 12 were one‐arm trials and 10 were two‐arm trials. We assessed risk of bias using a revised Tool to Assess Risk of Bias in Randomized Trials (ROB 2) and Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS‐I). Overall, the results suggested that Group EMDR protocols might be an effective tool in improving a wide range of mental health‐related outcomes including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety. However, the included studies are limited to methodological challenges. The limitations and future directions are discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Group eye movement desensitization and reprocessing interventions in adults and children: A systematic review of randomized and nonrandomized trials

Kaptan

Özen-Dursun

Knowles

et al. 2021

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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“…This protocol has been used in its original format or with adaptations to suit the cultural circumstances, in numerous places around the world for thousands of survivors of natural or man-made disasters [25][26][27][28]. These include anecdotal reports (29)(30); nine pilot field studies with both children and adults after natural mass disasters in Mexico, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Colombia and Venezuela [31][32][33]; case reports and field studies have documented its effectiveness with children and adults after natural or man-made disasters [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]; during ongoing war trauma [44]; during ongoing geopolitical crisis [45]; with women sexually assaulted in the Congo [46]; with war refugee children in Germany [47]; with children and adolescents who were victims of severe interpersonal violence [48][49][50]; with non-governmental organization (NGO´s) staff members who provide care to children and adolescents with severe interpersonal trauma [51]; with caregivers of patients with dementia [52]; with Spanish-speaking Latina survivors of domestic violence [53]; with refugee minors in the UK, Turkey, Ethiopia [54][55][56]; and as an emergency treatment to children survivors of the November 13, 2015 terrorist attacks in Paris [57].…”

Section: Emdr-integrative Group Treatment Protocol Adapted For Ongoing Traumatic Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Multisite Randomized Controlled Trial on the Provision of the EMDR-IGTP-OTS to Refugee Minors in Valencia, Spain

Molero¹,

Jarero²,

Givaudan³

2019

AJAP

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The aim of this longitudinal multisite randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to evaluate the effectiveness of the EMDR-Integrative Group Treatment Protocol for Ongoing Traumatic Stress (EMDR-IGTP-OTS) in reducing severe posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety symptoms in refugee minors living in Valencia, Spain. The study was conducted in 2019 in the city of Valencia, Spain, in six sites for refugees (homes or residences). A total of 184 minors (all males) met the inclusion criteria. Participants' ages ranged from 13 to 17 years old (M =16.36 years). Participants' time since the arrival to the sites in Valencia varied from January 2018 to March 2019. Participation was voluntary with the participants and their legal guardian's consent. In this study, intensive EMDR therapy was provided. This intensive format allowed the participants to complete the full course of treatment in a short period. Treatment was provided simultaneously by eighteen licensed EMDR clinicians formally trained in the protocol administration divided into six teams. Each of the treatment group participants received an average of eight hours of treatment, provided during nine group-treatment sessions, three times daily during three consecutive days in a setting inside the six refugee sites. EMDR-IGTP-OTS treatment focused only on the distressing memories related to their life as refugees and did not address any other memories. No adverse effects were reported during treatment or at three-month post-treatment assessment. Data analysis by repeated measures ANOVA showed that the EMDR-IGTP-OTS was effective in reducing PTSD symptoms in the treatment group (F (2, 122) = 43.17p <.001, η P 2 =.414). A significant effect for group (F (1, 61 = 5.52, p<.05, η P 2 =.898) and a significant interaction between time and group for this variable, (F (2, 122) = 11.10, p <.001, η P 2 =.154) confirmed the effects of the treatment. Significant effects for time (F (1, 61) = 7.46, p <.001, η P 2 =.109) and for interaction between time and group (F (1, 61) = 6.13, p <.01, η P 2 =.091) were found for both, anxiety and depression, (F (1, 61) = 7.02, p <. 01, η P 2 =.104) and (F (1, 61) = 7.92, p <.001, η P 2 =.116). The study results indicate that the intensive administration of the EMDR-IGTP-OTS could be a feasible, cost-effective, time-efficient, culturally sensitive, and effective component of a multidisciplinary psycho-social group-based program to address PTSD, depression, and anxiety symptoms among refugee minors.

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“…Many protocols were developed as the part of early EMDR interventions. Studies were conducted in which these protocols were applied immediately after traumatic social events like natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods ( Adúriz et al, 2009 ; Saltini et al, 2017 ; Trentini et al, 2018 ), wars, terrorist attacks, finding evidence of massacres, and military traumas ( Zaghrout-Hodali et al, 2008 ; Wesson and Gould, 2009 ; Jarero and Uribe, 2011 , 2012 ; Brennstuhl et al, 2019 ), and the interventions were found to be effective.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of the online eye movement desensitization and reprocessing early intervention protocol (EMDR R-TEP) for the risk groups with post-traumatic stress symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic

Yurtsever¹,

Bakalım

Karaman³

et al. 2022

Front. Psychol.

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The aim of the research is to investigate the effect of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) levels of individuals who can be defined as high-risk groups during the pandemic. Therefore, the online EMDR R-TEP Protocol was applied to a total of 154 individuals working with coronavirus patients, frontline professionals (Doctors, Nurses, Paramedics, Polices, Red Crescent), relatives of coronavirus patients, coronavirus patients, and relatives of someone who died from coronavirus and the PTSD symptom level before, after, and 1 month after therapy was measured and examined. A personal information form and impact of events scale were used to collect data. Analyses showed that EMDR therapy was effective in reducing the PTSD level in all groups. The PTSD levels of frontline professionals continued to decrease until the follow-up test but remained the same in the other groups.

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Immediate treatment following the November 13 attacks: Use of an EMDR emergency protocol

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Group eye movement desensitization and reprocessing interventions in adults and children: A systematic review of randomized and nonrandomized trials

Group eye movement desensitization and reprocessing interventions in adults and children: A systematic review of randomized and nonrandomized trials

Longitudinal Multisite Randomized Controlled Trial on the Provision of the EMDR-IGTP-OTS to Refugee Minors in Valencia, Spain

The effect of the online eye movement desensitization and reprocessing early intervention protocol (EMDR R-TEP) for the risk groups with post-traumatic stress symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic

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