Immediate one-step lime precipitation process for the valorization of winery wastewater to agricultural purposes

Optimization of atmospheric carbonation in the integrated treatment immediate one-step lime precipitation and atmospheric carbonation. The case study of slaughterhouse effluents

“…In this way, this effluent can only be treated by unconventional treatment processes (e.g., advanced oxidation processes or adsorption processes). Low COD removals in the lime precipitation process has also been found in the treatment of winery wastewaters [5] and landfill lechate [8]. On the other hand, high COD removals were obtained for SWW1 (86.9-91.0%) and SWW2 (73.5-80.6%), similar to those obtained by Tariq et al [21].…”

“…This behavior could be related to the buffer capacity of the supernatant, that is, the ability of the supernatant to neutralize (through its alkalinity) the protons that were meanwhile released [36]. Similar behavior was observed by Luz et al [5] when the authors applied AC process to pretreated winery wastewaters at reaction pH 12. At 9th day (for SWW1), 10th day (for SWW2) and 12th day (for SWW3), all the reaction pH had reached the same supernatant pH.…”

“…organic matter, phosphorus, and nitrogen), they are not designed to remove high concentrations of these compounds, so on-site pre-treatment is required [1,2]. The integrated process, immediate one-step lime precipitation (IOSLM) followed by atmospheric carbonation (AC), has been used as a pretreatment for industrial wastewaters, such as explosives [3], vinasse from sugarcane ethanol industry [4], winery [5], cheese whey [6], urban wastewaters [7], and landfill leachate [8]. This integrated solution is recognized for its low cost, simplicity, eco-friendly technology and high efficiency in removing contaminants, like organic matter and nitrogen (Madeira et al [3].…”