Immediate Impacts on Particulate and Gaseous Emissions from a T56 Turbo-Prop Engine Using a Biofuel Blend

Chan, Tak Wai; Pham, Vinh Phu; Chalmers, Jennifer L.; Davison, Craig R.; Chishty, Wajid A.; Poitras, Pierre

doi:10.4271/2013-01-2131

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…They found that the turboprop engine generally emitted more BC. Also, the BC EFs reported by Chan et al (2013) are higher than for turbofan engines at low thrust conditions. In addition to main propulsion engines, auxiliary power units (APUs) contribute to BC emissions from aircrafts.…”

Section: Aviation Emission Factor Studiesmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The synthetic kerosenes produced either from fossil or renewable sources lead to lower BC EFs from aviation engines. Chan et al (2013) found that the C-HEFA blend reduced BC emissions by 50% at idle and 32% at take-off when compared to F34. In the study by Chan et al (2015) the use of 50% HEFA-SPK led to significant reduction in BC mass emissions compared to Jet A-1 by 58%-85% for various engine load conditions.…”

Section: Aviation Emission Factor Studiesmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The BC EFs from aviation were covered in eight publications which reported results from ground-based aircraft engine measurements. Typically, the BC emissions were sampled either using a probe directly at the engine exhaust outlet and diluting and cooling the sample applying ejector diluters (Chan et al 2013, Durdina et al 2014 or alternatively by sampling the exhaust downwind the engine, allowing natural cooling and dilution of the exhaust (Kinsey et al 2011, Moore et al 2015, Yu et al 2017. BC detection techniques in aviation studies include various methods; MAAP, AE, MSS, and LII instruments.…”

Section: Measurement Techniques and Calculation Methods For Bc Efsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The alternative fuels in the studies include synthetic FT kerosene produced from natural gas (FT (NG), Kinsey et al 2019), synthetic paraffinic kerosene (SPK) produced from coal (FT (coal), Kinsey et al 2019), and fully synthetic FT SPK (Chan et al 2015). The studies also reported BC EFs for three renewable fuels; (a) fully synthetic kerosene with aromatics (CH-SKA, Chan et al 2015) from industrial oilseeds carinata (Brassica carinata) produced through catalytic hydrothermolysis process, (b) 50% volume mixed hydro-processed esters and fatty acid (HEFA) paraffinic kerosene produced from camelina (Camelina sativa L.) oilseeds through a hydro-treating and cracking process, mixed with 50% Jet A-1 (HEFA-SPK, Chan et al 2015), and (c) camelina-based hydro-processed bio-jetfuel by 50% in volume mixed with F34 (C-HEFA, Chan et al 2013).…”

Section: Aviation Emission Factor Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Review of black carbon emission factors from different anthropogenic sources

Rönkkö

Saarikoski

Kuittinen

et al. 2023

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Particulate black carbon (BC) affects global warming by absorbing the solar radiation, by affecting cloud formation, and by decreasing ground albedo when deposited to snow or ice. BC has also a wide variety of adverse effects on human population health. In this article we reviewed the BC emission factors (EF) of major anthropogenic sources, i.e., traffic (incl. marine and aviation), residential combustion, and energy production. We included BC EFs measured directly from individual sources and EFs derived from ambient measurements. Each source category was divided into sub-categories to find and demonstrate systematical trends, such as the potential influence of fuel, combustion technologies, and exhaust / flue gas cleaning systems on BC EFs. Our review highlights the importance of society level emission regulation in BC emission mitigation; a clear BC emission reduction was observed in ambient studies for road traffic as well as in direct emission measurements of diesel-powered individual vehicles. However, the BC emissions of gasoline vehicles were observed to be higher for vehicles with direct fuel injection techniques (GDI) than for vehicles with port-fueled injection (PFI), indicating potentially negative trend in gasoline vehicle fleet BC EFs. In the case of shipping, a relatively clear correlation was seen between the engine size and BC EFs so that the fuel specific BC EFs of the largest engines were the lowest. Regarding the BC EFs from residential combustion, we observed large variation in EFs, indicating that fuel type and quality as well as combustion appliances significantly influence BC EFs. The largest data gaps were in EFs of large-scale energy production which can be seen crucial for estimating global radiative forcing potential of anthropogenic BC emissions. In addition, much more research is needed to improve global coverage of BC EFs. Furthermore, the use of existing data is complicated by different emission factor calculation methods, different units used in reporting and by variation of results due to different experimental setups and BC measurement methods. In general, the conducted review of BC emission factors is seen to significantly improve the accuracy of future emission inventories and the evaluations of the climate, air quality, and health impacts of anthropogenic BC emissions.

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Section: Aviation Emission Factor Studiesmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Aviation Emission Factor Studiesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Measurement Techniques and Calculation Methods For Bc Efsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aviation Emission Factor Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Review of black carbon emission factors from different anthropogenic sources

Rönkkö

Saarikoski

Kuittinen

et al. 2023

Environ. Res. Lett.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Significant reduction of emissions particulate was reported by Chan et. al [10] when they used a blend of 50% volume of camelinabased hydro-processed biojet fuel with F-34 jet fuel in a T-56 turbo-prop engine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Evaluation of a Small-Scale Turbojet Engine Running on Palm Oil Biodiesel Blends

2014

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The experimental and simulated performance of an Armfield CM4 turbojet engine was investigated for palm oil methyl ester biodiesel (PME) and its blends with conventional Jet A-1 fuel. The volumetric blends of PME with Jet A-1 are 20, 50, 70, and 100% (B20, B50, B70, and B100). Fuel heating values (FHV) of each fuel mixture were obtained by calorimetric analysis. The experimental tests included performance tests for Jet A-1 and B20, while the performances of B50 to B100 were simulated using GasTurb 11 analytical software. In terms of maximum measured thrust, Jet A-1 yielded the highest value of 216 N, decreasing by 0.77%, 4%, 8%, and 12% with B20, B50, B70, and B100. It was found that B20 produced comparable results compared to the benchmark Jet A-1 tests, particularly with thrust and thermal efficiency. Slight performance penalties occurred due to the lower energy content of the biodiesel blends. The efficiency of the combustor improved with the addition of biodiesel while the other component efficiencies remained collectively consistent. This research shows that, at least for larger gas turbines, PME is suitable for use as an additive to Jet A-1 within 50% blends.

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Review: Particulate Matter Emissions from Aircraft

et al. 2022

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The contribution of aircraft operations to ambient ultrafine particle (UFP) concentration at and around airports can be significant. This review article considers the volatile and non-volatile elements of particulate matter emissions from aircraft engines, their characteristics and quantification and identifies gaps in knowledge. The current state of the art emission inventory methods and dispersion modelling approaches are reviewed and areas for improvement and research needs are identified. Quantification of engine non-volatile particulate matter (nvPM) is improving as measured certification data for the landing and take-off cycle are becoming available. Further work is needed: to better estimate nvPM emissions during the full-flight; to estimate non-regulated (smaller) engines; and to better estimate the emissions and evolution of volatile particles (vPM) in the aircraft exhaust plume. Dispersion modelling improvements are also needed to better address vPM. As the emissions inventory data for both vPM and nvPM from aircraft sources improve, better estimates of the contribution of aircraft engine emissions to ambient particulate concentrations will be possible.

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Immediate Impacts on Particulate and Gaseous Emissions from a T56 Turbo-Prop Engine Using a Biofuel Blend

Cited by 5 publications

References 28 publications

Review of black carbon emission factors from different anthropogenic sources

Review of black carbon emission factors from different anthropogenic sources

Performance Evaluation of a Small-Scale Turbojet Engine Running on Palm Oil Biodiesel Blends

Review: Particulate Matter Emissions from Aircraft

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