Immediate enamel bond strength of universal adhesives to unground and ground surfaces in different etching modes

Takeda, Mitsuhiro; Takamizawa, Toshiki; Imai, Arisa; Suzuki, Takayuki; Tsujimoto, Akimasa; Barkmeier, Wayne W.; Latta, Mark; Miyazaki, Masashi

doi:10.1111/eos.12626

Cited by 24 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Although significant differences in SBS values were observed between IE and GE conditions in the self‐etch mode, no significant differences in SBS were observed in the etch‐and‐rinse mode, regardless of surface condition. The results obtained here were in line with those obtained by a previous study that investigated the influence of grinding the specimen surface on the immediate enamel bond strength of universal adhesives (20). The outer surface of IE is known to have indistinct prism structures or no prism structures and is, thus, often referred to as the aprismatic layer or prismless layer (21).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…When using self‐etch systems treated without a selective etching procedure, a lower degree of adhesion to the intact enamel (IE) surface may accelerate enamel margin degradation. A previous study that investigated the influence of enamel adherent surface condition on the immediate bond strength of self‐etch adhesives (20) found that the self‐etch adhesives showed no significant differences in shear bond strength (SBS) between IE and ground enamel (GE) surface groups in the etch‐and‐rinse mode, but significantly lower SBS values were found for IE surface groups in the self‐etch mode. There are some cases wherein direct resin‐composite restorations are placed on an unground enamel surface, such as diastema, microdont, and fissure sealant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bond durability of universal adhesives to intact enamel surface in different etching modes

Suzuki

Takamizawa

Hirokane

et al. 2021

European J Oral Sciences

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This study aimed at determining the enamel bond durability of universal adhesives to intact enamel (IE) and ground enamel (GE) in different etching modes under thermal cycling (TC) and fatigue stresses. Two universal adhesives and a two‐step self‐etch adhesive were used. Enamel specimens were divided into four groups by treatment: (i) GE in etch‐and‐rinse, (ii) IE in etch‐and‐rinse, (iii) GE in self‐etch, and (iv) IE in self‐etch. Bonded specimens were subjected to TC, and then shear bond strengths (SBS) were conducted. SBS tests were also conducted after storage in 37°C water for 24 h (baseline). For shear fatigue strength (SFS) testing, bonded specimens were subjected to fatigue stress at a frequency of 10 Hz for 50,000 cycles. At baseline, all adhesives showed significantly higher SBS values with GE than IE in self‐etch mode in contrast to in etch‐and‐rinse mode. After TC, the universal adhesives with IE showed lower SBS values than the baseline, regardless of the etching mode. Universal adhesives showed significantly lower SFS values with IE in etch‐and‐rinse, but not in self‐etch mode. Phosphoric acid pre‐etching or grinding of the aprismatic enamel may be helpful in establishing reliable initial and long‐term bonds to enamel when using universal adhesives in self‐etch mode.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bond durability of universal adhesives to intact enamel surface in different etching modes

Suzuki

Takamizawa

Hirokane

et al. 2021

European J Oral Sciences

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“…Adhesion to enamel is generally considered less challenging than to dentin; the adhesion mainly relies on micromechanical interlocking of the resin matrix with exposed enamel prisms. 8 SEM revealed a clear honeycomb structure, similar to the tentacle-like surface texture of a sea anemone, on the enamel surface etched with 35% phosphoric acid and rinsed. This structure was confined to the enamel matrix in a tight arrangement that included ridges and gaps, which made an ideal structure for resin matrix infiltration to form tags for strong microlocking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Glycerol Phosphate Dimethacrylate: An Alternative Functional Phosphate Ester Monomer to 10-Methacryloyloxydecyl Dihydrogen Phosphate for Enamel Bonding

et al. 2020

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The bonding performance of a glycerol phosphate dimethacrylate (GPDM)-based, two-step, self-etch (SE) adhesive was experimentally compared to that of 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP)-based universal adhesives in different application modes for enamel bonding. Microtensile bond strength (μTBS) for adhesives bonded to enamel was measured initially (24 h water storage) and after 10 000 thermocycles plus water storage for 30 days. A GPDM-based, two-bottle, two-step, self-etch adhesive (Optibond Versa, OV) and three one-bottle MDP-based universal adhesives, one self-etching (Tetric N Bond Universal, TNBU) and two with etch-and-rinse (E&R) processing (Single Bond Universal (SBU); Clearfil Universal Bond Quick (CUBQ)), were tested. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evaluated nanoleakage at the bonding interfaces. A profilometer determined roughnesses of enamel surfaces after phosphoric acid etching, OV priming, or TNBU conditioning. SEM observed the corresponding surface morphology. NMR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterized chemical bonding in hydroxyapatites (HAps) conditioned with the adhesives. Etch-and-rinse samples had significantly stronger bonding than self-etch samples ( p < 0.05) irrespective of aging. The μTBS values for initial and aged OV were significantly higher than those of TNBU ( p < 0.05). Aging did not significantly decrease μTBS for any sample except TNBU ( p < 0.05), but it significantly aggravated nanoleakage. Etch-and-rinse processing resulted in less nanoleakage than self-etching; the OV samples leaked less than TNBU, both before and after aging. Phosphoric acid etching achieved the highest enamel surface roughness, followed by OV primer. Ca–O–P bonds in hydroxyapatite conditioned with TNBU, SBU, and CUBQ were confirmed by NMR, which showed similar results to XPS observations of conditioned hydroxyapatite powders except OV primer. The GPDM-based, two-step, self-etch adhesive can provide higher micromechanical retention potential, bond strength, and durability than the MDP-based universal adhesive in self-etch mode but lower performance than the MDP-based universal adhesive in etch-and-rinse mode. None of the tested adhesives could avoid nanoleakage after aging.

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“…This prismless enamel structure tended to have a stronger resistance to acid than a prismatic enamel surface (72). Therefore, the bond strength test to uncut enamel reported that mild and ultramild SEAs resulted in lower values in the SE mode, and prior PA etching significantly improved the bond strength (73). Thus, micro-mechanical retention of (ultra) mild SEAs for uncut enamel may be weak due to lower etching ability which could not demineralize the prismless layer effectively.…”

Section: Bond Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, micro-mechanical retention of (ultra) mild SEAs for uncut enamel may be weak due to lower etching ability which could not demineralize the prismless layer effectively. Hence, PA etching before the application of (ultra) mild SEAs to an uncut enamel surface is essential to enhance the enamel bond effectiveness (73).…”

Section: Bond Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on Enamel Bonding Strategies

et al. 2021

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Optimal strategies for the application of an adhesive differ between enamel and dentin because of the differences in their composition. The development of adhesive systems has mainly focused on the bonding of dentin, rather than on the enamel, by etching with phosphoric acid (PA). Dental adhesive technologies continue to rapidly advance, and various adhesive systems have been developed since the study of Buonocore in 1955. He introduced the enamel acid-etch technique. Then, the etch-and-rinse (ER) system was developed, and subsequently, the self-etch (SE) system. Universal adhesives are a new generation of one-bottle SE adhesives that can be applied with either ER mode or SE mode, or a combined system involving selective enamel etching mode. Since the combination of PA etching and the SE system differs from conventional ER systems, the enamel bonding strategy should be carefully considered. This concise review of the literature on reliable enamel bonding strategies should prove helpful to clinicians to choose an appropriate adhesive system to achieve optimal clinical outcomes.

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Immediate enamel bond strength of universal adhesives to unground and ground surfaces in different etching modes

Cited by 24 publications

References 35 publications

Bond durability of universal adhesives to intact enamel surface in different etching modes

Bond durability of universal adhesives to intact enamel surface in different etching modes

Glycerol Phosphate Dimethacrylate: An Alternative Functional Phosphate Ester Monomer to 10-Methacryloyloxydecyl Dihydrogen Phosphate for Enamel Bonding

Update on Enamel Bonding Strategies

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