Immediate effects of different types of abdominal exercises on the inter-rectus distance

Carrera, Iria da Cuña; Soto-González, M.; Alonso-Calvete, Alejandra; González-González, Yoana; Caeiro, Eva María Lantarón

doi:10.3233/ies-203161

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…When absolute values of IRD width were taken into account, some good-quality images yielded an infraumbilical IRD size of 0mm, indicating invisible linea alba at the level halfway between the pubic bone and the lower umbilical margin. In other studies [3], the mean linea alba width in nulliparas was 0.22cm±0.29 (at 4.5cm below the umbilicus) and 0.65±0.23 (at the lower margin of the umbilical ring), or 0.43cm±0.29 (at 2.5cm below the umbilicus). Liaw et al [1] refer to the results of ICCs between 0.85 and 0.95 of their previous study (published in Chinese), where twenty-six healthy nulliparas were measured at four locations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…In physiotherapy, conventional ultrasound imaging (USI) is commonly used for non-invasive measurement of the inter-recti distance (IRD) [1,2], and pregnancy-related diastasis recti abdominis (DRA) when assessing, for example, the effectiveness of postpartum physical exercises [3,4,5,6]. Desings of these studies usually require IRD measurements with USI in both pregnancy-related DRA subjects and nulliparous controls [7,8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reliability of offline inter-recti distance measurement on ultrasound images captured by novice examiners

Chmielewska¹,

Cebula²,

Gnat³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: With the increased interest in inter-recti distance measurement using ultrasound imaging, there is a question of measurement reliability, and the importance of the examiner’s experience. Methods: The study aimed to investigate the reliability of the inter-recti distance measurement performed offline by an experienced radiologist on linea alba images captured by two novice examiners. Additionally, it was aimed to determinethe number of image repetitions that provide an acceptable measurement reliability level. Ultrasound images were acquired by two novice examiners on repeated occasions (sessions A and B) in twenty-eight nulliparous women of reproductive age. Five images were captured at supraumbilical, umbilical, and infraumbilical points during each session. Results: The excellent intra-examiner reliability of inter-recti distance measurements was shown at the supraumbilical and umbilical levels (ICC=0.894-0.983). Infraumbilical measurements had good to excellent reliability (ICC=0.894-0.972). Session A inter-examiner reliability was excellent for the mean measurements of two, three, four, and five images taken at each location (ICC=0.913-0.954). Session B inter-examiner reliability was excellent for the mean measurements of two, three, four, and five images taken at the supraumbilical and umbilical (ICC=0.94-0.98) and good (ICC≥0.81) at the infraumbilical locations. Some images were unusable (1.6% of images of Examiner 1 and 2.2% of Examiner 2). Conclusions:Novice examiners were able to capture good-quality ultrasound images of the linea alba that allowed for excellent intra- and inter-examiner reliability of supraumbilical and umbilical measurements, and good to excellent reliability of inframbilical measurements in nulliparas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of offline inter-recti distance measurement on ultrasound images captured by novice examiners

Chmielewska¹,

Cebula²,

Gnat³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…All 49 included publications (published between 2008 and August 2022) were related to physiotherapy or physical exercise/training and described IRD measurements using USI. Eight studies were from Canada [8,17,20,33,48,[53][54][55] and nine from Spain [11,[42][43][44][45][56][57][58][59]. Countries with two studies were Brazil [60,61], the USA [9,62], the UK [16,63], Norway [13,37], New Zealand [47,64], and China [65,66].…”

Section: Characteristics Of Sources Of Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among others, it has been used to measure the width of the fibrous linea alba, also called the inter-recti distance (IRD) [6,7]. The most common purpose of this measurement is to investigate pregnancy-related diastasis recti abdominis (DRA) or monitor the impact of specific exercises on this condition [8][9][10][11][12][13]. DRA mostly develops in advanced pregnancy and manifests itself as an overstretched linea alba leading to the excessive separation of the recti abdominis muscles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical aspects of inter-recti distance measurement with ultrasonographic imaging for physiotherapy purposes: the scoping review

et al. 2023

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Background Inter-recti distance (IRD) measurement using musculoskeletal USI has been used in physiotherapy research, in particular, to investigate pregnancy-related diastasis recti abdominis (DRA) and to seek its effective treatment methods. Severe and untreated diastasis may result in the formation of umbilical or epigastric hernias. Objective This study aimed to systematically map physiotherapy-related research articles that included descriptions of IRD measurement procedures using USI to present their similarities and differences, and formulate recommendations on the procedure. Design A scoping review was conducted according to PRISMA-ScR guidelines, including 49 of 511 publications from three major databases. Publications were selected and screened by two independent reviewers whose decisions were consulted with a third reviewer. The main synthesized data items were: the examinees’ body position, breathing phase, measurement sites, and DRA screening methods. The final conclusions and recommendations were the result of a consensus between seven reviewers from four research centers. Results Studies used 1–5 measurement sites that were differently determined. IRD was measured at the umbilicus (n = 3), at its superior (n = 16) and/or inferior border (n = 9), and at different levels: between 2 and 12 cm above the umbilicus, or a third of the distance and halfway between the umbilicus and xiphoid (n = 37); between 2 and 4.5 cm below the umbilicus or halfway between the umbilicus and pubis (n = 27). Different approaches were used to screen subjects for DRA. Conclusions The discrepancies between the measurement procedures prevent between-study comparisons. The DRA screening method should be standardized. IRD measurement protocol standardization has been proposed. Critical relevance statement This scoping review indicates that the inter-recti distance measurement procedures using ultrasound imaging differ between studies, preventing between-study comparisons. Based on the results synthesis, the measurement protocol standardization has been proposed. Key points The inter-recti distance measurement procedures using USI differ between studies. Proposed standardization concerns body position, breathing phase, measurements number per location. Determination of measurement locations considering individual linea alba length is suggested. Recommended locations: umbilical top, ½ of umbilical top-xiphoid, ¼ of umbilical top-xiphoid/pubis distances. Diastasis recti abdominis diagnostic criteria are needed for proposed measurement locations. Graphical Abstract

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“…The IRD was measured just above the umbilicus (U point) and halfway between the U point and the xiphoid (UX point) during rest and performing the three abdominal exercises. With the obtained results, the authors found that the abdominal crunch with transversus abdominis preactivation influenced a significant increase in IRD when compared to rest in UX point, abdominal crunch, and hypopressive exercise in U point [ 45 ].…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and Challenges in the Treatment of Diastasis Recti Abdominis—A Scoping Review on the Current Trends and Future Perspectives

Radhakrishnan

Ramamurthy

2022

Diagnostics

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Diastasis recti abdominis (DRA) is more prevalent in women during pregnancy and postpartum. However, there is a lack of awareness regarding this condition among women. The prevalence of DRA is high in late pregnancy and reduces during postpartum. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the treatment strategies for DRA and to discuss the significance of the technology towards better diagnosis and treatment. This work investigated 77 research articles published in the recognized research databases. The study aims to analyze the diagnostic and treatment procedures and the role of technology within them. The management strategy for DRA can either be conservative or surgical. Exercise therapy has been shown to improve functional impairments. These exercises focus on recruiting the abdominal muscles. Electromyography and Ultrasound imaging have been employed as useful tools in assessing the abdominal muscles effectively. This study has examined the treatment methods for DRA to obtain a better understanding of the existing methods. Further investigation and experimentation into therapeutic exercises is strongly recommended to identify the best set of exercises for a faster resolution. Further studies regarding the role of technology to assess therapeutic exercises would be worthwhile.

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Immediate effects of different types of abdominal exercises on the inter-rectus distance

Cited by 6 publications

References 34 publications

Reliability of offline inter-recti distance measurement on ultrasound images captured by novice examiners

Reliability of offline inter-recti distance measurement on ultrasound images captured by novice examiners

Technical aspects of inter-recti distance measurement with ultrasonographic imaging for physiotherapy purposes: the scoping review

Efficacy and Challenges in the Treatment of Diastasis Recti Abdominis—A Scoping Review on the Current Trends and Future Perspectives

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