Immediate Effects of Anticipatory Coarticulation in Spoken-Word Recognition

Salverda, Anne Pier; Kleinschmidt, Dave F.; Tanenhaus, Michael K.

doi:10.1037/e633262013-240

Cited by 16 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…In order to maximize the power of our analyses, we collapsed over the early and garden-path trials up until adjective onset plus 200 ms because they are equivalent in this region and thus cannot be distinguished by participants. We use 200 ms because it is a conservative estimate of the lower bound for linguistically mediated saccades in task-based visual world experiments (Salverda, Kleinschmidt, & Tanenhaus, 2014). Before doing so, however, we confirmed that these trials indeed did not differ from one another.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Availability of Alternatives and the Processing of Scalar Implicatures: A Visual World Eye‐Tracking Study

2015

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Two visual world experiments investigated the processing of the implicature associated with some using a “gumball paradigm”. On each trial, participants saw an image of a gumball machine with an upper chamber with orange and blue gumballs and an empty lower chamber. Gumballs dropped to the lower chamber, creating a contrast between a partitioned set of gumballs of one color and an unpartitioned set of the other. Participants then evaluated spoken statements, such as “You got some of the blue gumballs”. Experiment 1 investigated the time course of the pragmatic enrichment from some to not all when the only utterance alternatives available to refer to the different sets were some and all. In Experiment 2, the number terms two, three, four, and five were also included in the set of alternatives. Scalar implicatures were delayed relative to the interpretation of literal statements with all only when number terms were available. The results are interpreted as evidence for a constraint-based account of scalar implicature processing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Availability of Alternatives and the Processing of Scalar Implicatures: A Visual World Eye‐Tracking Study

2015

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“…Because target signs differed in length across trials, we divided each RT value by the length of the corresponding target sign. Previous research on spoken language suggests that at least 200 ms is required to program an eye movement (Salverda, Kleinschmidt, & Tanenhaus, 2014), so we subtracted 200 ms from each RT to account for eye movements that were initiated during the end of the target sign (proportion target sign = RT−200 ms Sign Length ). Mean proportion of sign processed was computed for each token of each target sign and then averaged over all target signs within participants, reflecting the amount of information signers processed before generating an eye movement, on average.…”

Section: Proportionsignlengthprocessedprior Toshiftingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real‐time lexical comprehension in young children learning American Sign Language

MacDonald

LaMarr

Corina

et al. 2018

Developmental Science

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When children interpret spoken language in real time, linguistic information drives rapid shifts in visual attention to objects in the visual world. This language-vision interaction can provide insights into children's developing efficiency in language comprehension. But how does language influence visual attention when the linguistic signal and the visual world are both processed via the visual channel? Here, we measured eye movements during real-time comprehension of a visual-manual language, American Sign Language (ASL), by 29 native ASL-learning children (16-53 mos, 16 deaf, 13 hearing) and 16 fluent deaf adult signers. All signers showed evidence of rapid, incremental language comprehension, tending to initiate an eye movement before sign offset. Deaf and hearing ASL-learners showed similar gaze patterns, suggesting that the in-the-moment dynamics of eye movements during ASL processing are shaped by the constraints of processing a visual language in real time and not by differential access to auditory information in day-to-day life. Finally, variation in children's ASL processing was positively correlated with age and vocabulary size. Thus, despite competition for attention within a single modality, the timing and accuracy of visual fixations during ASL comprehension reflect information processing skills that are important for language acquisition regardless of language modality.

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“…the distractor) was split into 100 ms time bins. The window of analysis started 200 ms after the beginning of the target, accounting for the time it takes to initiate eye movements (Matin, Shao, & Boff, 1993;Salverda, Kleinschmidt, & Tanenhaus, 2014). Note that in studies with children, analyses can also begin 300 ms after the target, due to longer latencies in children's eye movements (Buckler & Fikkert, 2016; also see Swingley & Aslin, 2000, for a discussion of latencies).…”

Section: Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reverse production effect: children recognize novel words better when they are heard rather than produced

Zamuner

Strahm

Morin-Lessard

et al. 2017

Developmental Science

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This research investigates the effect of production on 4.5- to 6-year-old children's recognition of newly learned words. In Experiment 1, children were taught four novel words in a produced or heard training condition during a brief training phase. In Experiment 2, children were taught eight novel words, and this time training condition was in a blocked design. Immediately after training, children were tested on their recognition of the trained novel words using a preferential looking paradigm. In both experiments, children recognized novel words that were produced and heard during training, but demonstrated better recognition for items that were heard. These findings are opposite to previous results reported in the literature with adults and children. Our results show that benefits of speech production for word learning are dependent on factors such as task complexity and the developmental stage of the learner.

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Immediate Effects of Anticipatory Coarticulation in Spoken-Word Recognition

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Availability of Alternatives and the Processing of Scalar Implicatures: A Visual World Eye‐Tracking Study

Availability of Alternatives and the Processing of Scalar Implicatures: A Visual World Eye‐Tracking Study

Real‐time lexical comprehension in young children learning American Sign Language

Reverse production effect: children recognize novel words better when they are heard rather than produced

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