Immediate Effect of Exercise on Achilles Tendon Properties

Obst, Steven; Barrett, Rod; Newsham-West, Richard

doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e318289d821

Cited by 60 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Such studies are also required to further assess the mechanocirculatory theory for acute tendinopathy. 1,21,26 Previous unpublished preliminary works in our laboratory suggest that performing 4 sets of 40 repetitions of eccentric contractions reduces patellar tendon stiffness in nonathletic college students. In addition, we determined that 4 sets of 80 repetitions, instead of 40 (which did not cause stiffness change), were necessary to reduce patellar tendon stiffness in college tennis players.…”

Section: T T Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Exercises involving movements that an individual is not used to and that reduce tendon stiffness, 26 as well as exercises that cause ischemia reperfusion, 1,21 are proposed as likely etiological factors in acute tendinopathies occurring when someone suddenly increases his or her level of physical activities ("weekend warrior" syndrome) or has eccentric exercise T T STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lower tendon stiffness immediately after the eccentric knee extension exercise may be caused by temporal changes in viscoelasticity. 26,33 Reduced stiffness in the patellar tendon would imply that the tendon absorbs a large portion of the passive knee joint movement before the muscle fibers become stretched, or the occurrence of a delay of the force transmission from muscle to bone. 33,39 With respect to the Achilles tendon, it is suggested that transient reduction in tendon stiffness may increase risks of strain injury in the tendon.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…33,39 With respect to the Achilles tendon, it is suggested that transient reduction in tendon stiffness may increase risks of strain injury in the tendon. 26 However, this reduction may also be beneficial to slow stretch-shortening cycles of high intensity. 33 Graded eccentric contraction has demonstrated effects on decreases of microcirculation in Achilles tendinopathy.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Increased Patellar Tendon Microcirculation and Reduction of Tendon Stiffness Following Knee Extension Eccentric Exercises

Yin

Chen

Wu³

et al. 2014

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

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Tendons are fibrous connective tissues that are capable of transmitting mechanical loading and utilize elastic energy during locomotion. 29 Tendon adaptations to mechanical loads include changes in mechanical properties and metaboliccirculatory function. 11,13 Tendon mechanical properties determine stress and strain distribution within the tendon. 37,38,40 Tendon microcirculation reflects intratendinous metabolic demands and includes the distribution of blood flow and oxygen consumption in the arteriolar, capillary, and venular segments. 22,31Local blood flow is controlled by autoregulation (myogenic responses and metabolism) and shearing stress stimulation of the endothelium and neurohormones, 31 and is partially influenced by vessel radius and length (Poiseuille's equation). 5Viscoelastic behaviors of the vessels and tendons suggest that adaptation of tendon microcirculation during exercises may vary due to differences in tendons' plastic mechanical properties. 18,19,36 However, this theory has not been validated.Exercises involving movements that an individual is not used to and that reduce tendon stiffness, 26 as well as exercises that cause ischemia reperfusion, 1,21 are proposed as likely etiological factors in acute tendinopathies occurring when someone suddenly increases his or her level of physical activities ("weekend warrior" syndrome) or has eccentric exercise T T STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. T T OBJECTIVES:To measure and compare patellar tendon stiffness and microcirculation in college tennis players and nonathletic students when performing eccentric knee extension exercises that do and do not reduce tendon stiffness. T T BACKGROUND:Previous studies suggest that tendon microcirculation response during exercises may vary based on the tendon's plastic properties. T T METHODS:The study included 3 groups of college-age male students: tennis players who performed 4 sets of either 40 (n = 12) or 80 (n = 13) repetitions of eccentric knee extension exercise and nonathletic students (n = 14) who performed 4 sets of 40 repetitions. Tendon stiffness was measured before and after exercise completion. Changes in total hemoglobin and oxygen saturation (OSat) were analyzed while performing the 4 sets. Comparisons were made within and between the groups. The level of association between tendon microcirculation and stiffness reduction was assessed. T T RESULTS:The 2 groups (player/4 × 80 and student/4 × 40) exhibiting patellar tendon stiffness reductions (P<.008) showed higher total hemoglobin and OSat levels, above the pre-exercise levels, in the fourth set compared to the first set of exercises (P<.004). The tennis players who performed 4 sets of 40 repetitions exhibited higher OSat levels in the fourth set than in the first set (P = .004) but had no reduction in tendon stiffness. Changes in OSat levels in the fourth set were correlated with patellar tendon stiffness reductions (r = -0.381, P = .02). T T CONCLUSION:We conclude that there was increased patellar tendon microcirculation after performing...

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Section: T T Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased Patellar Tendon Microcirculation and Reduction of Tendon Stiffness Following Knee Extension Eccentric Exercises

Yin

Chen

Wu³

et al. 2014

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

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“…Immediate alterations in tendon properties after exercise are not uniformly reported in the literature. Decreases in tendon stiffness or Young´s modulus measured after resistive or stretching exercises were for instance not observed following stretchshortening reliant interventions, such as hopping or running (Obst et al 2013). This dichotomy between intervention types suggests that certain loading patterns and/or thresholds may be required to instantly alter tendon mechanical properties.…”

Section: Tendon Mechanical and Morphological Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Immediate effects of whole body vibration on patellar tendon properties and knee extension torque

et al. 2015

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This file was dowloaded from the institutional repository Brage NIH -brage.bibsys.no/nih Rieder, F., Wiesinger, H.-P., Kösters, A., Müller, E., Seynnes, O. R.Immediate effects of whole body vibration on patellar tendon properties and knee extension torque. AbstractPurpose: Reports about the immediate effects of whole body vibration (WBV) exposure upon torque production capacity are inconsistent. However, the changes in the torque-angle relationship observed by some authors after WBV may hinder the measurement of torque changes at a given angle. Acute changes in tendon mechanical properties do occur after certain types of exercise but this hypothesis has never been tested after a bout of WBV. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether tendon compliance is altered immediately after WBV, effectively shifting the optimal angle of peak torque towards longer muscle length.Methods: Twenty-eight subjects were randomly assigned to either a WBV (n = 14) or a squatting control group (n = 14). Patellar tendon CSA, stiffness and Young´s modulus and knee extension torque-angle relationship were measured using ultrasonography and dynamometry one day before and directly after the intervention. Tendon CSA was additionally measured 24 hours after the intervention to check for possible delayed onset of swelling. Results:The vibration intervention had no effects on patellar tendon CSA, stiffness and Young´s modulus or the torque-angle relationship. Peak torque was produced at ~70° knee angle in both groups at pre-and post-test. Additionally, the knee extension torque globally remained unaffected with the exception of a small (-6%) reduction in isometric torque at a joint angle of 60°. Conclusion:The present results indicate that a single bout of vibration exposure does not substantially alter patellar tendon properties or the torque-angle relationship of knee extensors.

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Immediate effect of photobiomodulation therapy on Achilles tendon morphology and mechanical properties: An exploratory study

2019

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Objectives: Evaluate the immediate (within 4 hours) effects of laser-induced photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy on Achilles tendon morphology and mechanical properties in healthy and pathologic tendons. Materials and methods: Twenty people with healthy Achilles tendons and twelve people with Achilles tendinopathy participated. One Achilles tendon received PBM treatment following an established protocol, and the contralateral side received a placebo treatment. Achilles tendon morphology and mechanical properties were evaluated bilaterally with ultrasound imaging and continuous shear wave elastography immediately before treatment, immediately after treatment, then 2 and 4 hours after treatment. Results: There were no immediate effects of PBM on tendon morphology or mechanical properties when comparing the PBM-treated side and placebo-treated side within each cohort. Additionally, the effects of PBM did not differ between healthy and pathologic Achilles tendons. Conclusion: When treated with a laser-induced PBM treatment, healthy and pathologic Achilles tendons do not have immediate (within 4 hours) changes in tendon morphology or mechanical properties. These findings suggest that PBM therapy can be administered before other clinical treatments or high-load activities. K E Y W O R D Selastography, laser therapy, material properties, tendinitis, tendinopathy, ultrasound | 165 CORRIGAN et Al.

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Immediate Effect of Exercise on Achilles Tendon Properties

Cited by 60 publications

References 69 publications

Increased Patellar Tendon Microcirculation and Reduction of Tendon Stiffness Following Knee Extension Eccentric Exercises

Increased Patellar Tendon Microcirculation and Reduction of Tendon Stiffness Following Knee Extension Eccentric Exercises

Immediate effects of whole body vibration on patellar tendon properties and knee extension torque

Immediate effect of photobiomodulation therapy on Achilles tendon morphology and mechanical properties: An exploratory study

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