Immediate effect of a single ankle mobilization session in range of motion, pain and dynamic knee valgus of women with patellofemoral pain and restricted dorsiflexion range of motion: A randomized controlled trial

Comparing kinematic asymmetry and lateral step-down test scores in healthy, chronic ankle instability, and patellofemoral pain syndrome female basketball players: a cross-sectional study

“… Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria CAI group - CAI was defined as incurring at least one ankle sprain and at least one subsequent episode of giving way occurring at least 12 months before the study -We used the Iranian version of CAIT, FAAM– ADL and the FAAM–Sport -Reporting a score: < 24 on the (CAIT) 36 , < 90% on the FAAM– ADL < 80% on the FAAM–Sport 36 , 37 - A recent history (< 6 months) of lower extremity injury/surgery (including lateral ankle sprain), diagnosis of ankle osteoarthritis, history of ankle surgery involving intra-articular fixation, or current pregnancy 14 PFP group -Participants were included in the PFP who showed anterior knee pain for at least three months during the performance of at least two of the following tasks: ascending and descending stairs, squatting, running, jumping or remaining seated for a long time, besides showing a minimum score of three points in the NPRS 38 -Participants also must have presented with an insidious onset of symptoms unrelated to trauma and a positive Clark test 39 -Tenderness to palpation of the patellar tendon, the inferior pole of the patella, or tibial tubercle as the primary complaint. Tenderness to palpation of the patellar tendon, the inferior pole of the patella, or tibial tubercle as the primary complaint 10 -Other diagnoses of the knee including: patellar tendinitis, iliotibial band syndrome, Osgood- Schlatter’s disease, Sinding-Larsen’s Johansson’s disease, fracture, or ligamentous injuries. Prior knee surgery, history of patellar subluxation or dislocation 10 Control healthy group -Participants had to be free of lower extremity symptoms -Without any history of ankle sprains -No pain in the NPRS -Negative Clark test -History of pathology involving the comparable knee, ankle or other joints of the lower extremity -Reported any history of lower extremity surgery, neuropathies, diabetes, balance disorder, Raynaud’s diseases, cold-induced circulatory problems, and other conditions known to affect balance CAI chronic ankle instability, PFP patellofemoral syndrome, CAIT FAAM- ADL foot and ankle ability measure-activities of daily, CAIT cumberland ankle instability tool, FAAM - ADL foot and ankle ability measure-activities of daily, FAAM - sport foot and ankle measure-sport, NPRS numeric pain rating scale.…”

“…Tenderness to palpation of the patellar tendon, the inferior pole of the patella, or tibial tubercle as the primary complaint 10 -Other diagnoses of the knee including: patellar tendinitis, iliotibial band syndrome, Osgood- Schlatter’s disease, Sinding-Larsen’s Johansson’s disease, fracture, or ligamentous injuries. Prior knee surgery, history of patellar subluxation or dislocation 10 Control healthy group -Participants had to be free of lower extremity symptoms -Without any history of ankle sprains -No pain in the NPRS -Negative Clark test -History of pathology involving the comparable knee, ankle or other joints of the lower extremity -Reported any history of lower extremity surgery, neuropathies, diabetes, balance disorder, Raynaud’s diseases, cold-induced circulatory problems, and other conditions known to affect balance CAI chronic ankle instability, PFP patellofemoral syndrome, CAIT FAAM- ADL foot and ankle ability measure-activities of daily, CAIT cumberland ankle instability tool, FAAM - ADL foot and ankle ability measure-activities of daily, FAAM - sport foot and ankle measure-sport, NPRS numeric pain rating scale. …”

“…-Tenderness to palpation of the patellar tendon, the inferior pole of the patella, or tibial tubercle as the primary complaint. Tenderness to palpation of the patellar tendon, the inferior pole of the patella, or tibial tubercle as the primary complaint 10 …”

“…Although limited dorsiflexion ROM and its effect on excessive DKV and lower movement quality have been reported in PFP and CAI 10 , 14 , to our best knowledge, there is a lack of research concomitantly investigating all three tasks (DKV angle, ankle dorsiflexion ROM and movement quality) in both lower limbs (injured and contralateral) among basketball players presenting PFP and CAI. From a clinical perspective, a better understanding of these phenomena would inform researchers and clinicians (e.g.…”

“…Accordingly, an increased DKV angle is not only associated with painful knee conditions but can also be related to dysfunctions in other lower limb joints (e.g. the ankle) 10 . Reduced ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) has been reported as a risk factor for some conditions, such as patellar tendinopathy 11 , Achilles tendinopathy 12 , 13 , chronic ankle instability 14 , metatarsal stress fractures 11 , and anterior knee pain 15 .…”