Immediate and Short-Term Effect of Virtual Reality Training on Pain, Range of Motion, and Kinesiophobia in Patients with Cervical Spondylosis

Mukherjee, Madhumanti; Bedekar, Nilima; Sancheti, Parag; Shyam, Ashok

doi:10.4103/ijptr.ijptr_73_19

Cited by 5 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…After removing duplicates, 264 studies remained, among which 12 studies were identified for full-text retrieval based on the aforementioned criteria. An additional article [37] was retrieved through the references of relevant articles, yielding a sum of 8 studies [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. All 8 studies were included in the final quantitative synthesis.…”

Section: Search and Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All 8 (100%) RCTs [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] included in the meta-analysis were written in English. They were conducted in Oceania (Australia [38,42]), Europe (Spain [39], Germany [40], and Turkey [44]), and Asia (Iran [41], India [37], and Israel [43]). The studies were published between 2015 and 2022, and a total of 382 participants (intervention: 167; control: 215) were enrolled.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 8 studies [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] included participants with chronic neck pain, among which 1 (13%) study [37] also included patients in the subacute phase, and another study (n=1, 13%) [43] recruited patients in the acute or subacute stages. All studies included both male and female participants, and 5 (63%) [38,39,[42][43][44] included more females than males.…”

Section: Participant Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 8 studies [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] compared VR with other interventions (eg, kinematic exercise [38,39], general sensorimotor training [40], conventional rehabilitation [37,40,43], proprioceptive training [41], laser training [42], motor control [44], and no intervention [42]). All interventions used the immersive VR device, with the intervention duration varying from 1 to 6 weeks and intervention frequency ranging from once per week to once per day.…”

Section: Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Virtual Reality Intervention for Patients With Neck Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Gao¹,

Guo²,

Zhang³

et al. 2023

J Med Internet Res

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Background Neck pain is a prevalent condition that causes an enormous health care burden due to the lack of efficient therapies. As a promising technology, virtual reality (VR) has shown advantages in orthopedic rehabilitation. However, there is no meta-analysis evaluating the effectiveness of VR in neck pain management. Objective This study aims to review original randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effectiveness of VR for neck pain and to provide evidence for the clinical application of a new alternative approach for pain management. Methods A total of 9 electronic databases were systematically searched for relevant articles published from inception to October 2022. RCTs in English or Chinese that investigated VR therapy for participants with neck pain were included. The methodological quality and the evidence level were assessed using the Cochrane Back and Neck Risk of Bias tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) guideline, respectively. Results A total of 8 studies with 382 participants were included for the final analysis. For the pain intensity, the overall pooled effect size was 0.51, with a standardized mean difference (SMD) of −0.51 (95% CI −0.91 to −0.11; GRADE: moderate), favoring VR therapy compared with controls. Subgroups analyses revealed that significant differences in pain intensity were found in the multimodal intervention (VR in combination with other therapies) than in other interventions (SMD −0.45, 95% CI −0.78 to −0.13; GRADE: moderate), and better analgesic effects were also observed in patients with chronic neck pain receiving VR intervention (SMD −0.70, 95% CI −1.08 to −0.32; GRADE: moderate) and patients treated in the clinic or research unit (SMD −0.52, 95% CI −0.99 to −0.05; GRADE: moderate) than controls. Regarding other health outcomes, the VR experienced less disability, lower kinesiophobia, and greater kinematic function (cervical range of motion, mean and peak velocity). Nevertheless, the follow-up effects of VR therapy on pain intensity and disability were not found. Conclusions Existing moderate evidence support VR as a beneficial nonpharmacological approach to improve pain intensity in patients with neck pain, with advantages to multimodal intervention, people with chronic neck pain, and clinic or research unit–based VR therapy. However, the limited quantity and high heterogeneity of the articles limit our findings. Trial Registration PROSPERO CRD42020188635; https://tinyurl.com/2839jh8w

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Section: Search and Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Participant Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Virtual Reality Intervention for Patients With Neck Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Gao¹,

Guo²,

Zhang³

et al. 2023

J Med Internet Res

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Does having an external focus in immersive virtual reality increase range of motion in people with neck pain?

Kragting,

Pool-Goudzwaard,

Pezzica

et al. 2024

Musculoskeletal Science and Practice

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Effects of Virtual Reality Therapy Combined With Conventional Rehabilitation on Pain, Kinematic Function, and Disability in Patients With Chronic Neck Pain: Randomized Controlled Trial

Guo,

Zhang,

Han

et al. 2024

JMIR Serious Games

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Background Neck pain is a common condition that leads to neck motor dysfunction and subsequent disability, with a significant global health care burden. As a newly emerging tool, virtual reality (VR) technology has been employed to address pain and reduce disability among patients with neck pain. However, there is still a lack of high-quality studies evaluating the efficacy of VR therapy combined with conventional rehabilitation for patients with chronic neck pain, particularly in terms of kinematic function. Objective This study aims to investigate the effect of VR therapy combined with conventional rehabilitation on pain, kinematic function, and disability in patients with chronic neck pain. Methods We conducted an assessor-blinded, allocation-concealed randomized controlled trial. Sixty-four participants experiencing chronic neck pain were randomly allocated into the experimental group that underwent VR rehabilitation plus conventional rehabilitation or the control group receiving the same amount of conventional rehabilitation alone for 10 sessions over 4 weeks. Pain intensity, disability, kinematic function (cervical range of motion, proprioception, and mean and peak velocity), degree of satisfaction, and relief of symptoms were evaluated at 3 timepoints (baseline, postintervention, and at 3 months follow-up). A 2*3 mixed repeated measures analysis of variance was utilized for analyzing the difference across indicators, with a significant difference level of .05. Results Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in pain, disability, and kinematic functions (P<.05) at postintervention and at 3-month follow-up. The experimental group showed superior therapeutic outcomes compared to the control group in pain reduction (mean difference from the baseline: 5.50 vs 1.81 at posttreatment; 5.21 vs 1.91 at the 3-month follow-up, respectively; P<.001), disability improvement (mean difference from baseline: 3.04 vs 0.50 at posttreatment; 3.20 vs 0.85 at the 3-month follow-up, respectively; P<.001), and enhanced kinematic functions (P<.05). Moreover, participants in the experimental group reported better satisfaction and relief of symptoms than the control group (P<.05), with better initiative for exercising during the follow-up period. However, there was no between-group difference of improvement in proprioception. No adverse events were reported or observed in our research. Conclusions The findings of our study support the efficacy of combining VR therapy with conventional rehabilitation in alleviating pain, enhancing kinematic function, and reducing disability of patients with chronic neck pain. Future research should focus on refining the therapeutic protocols and dosages for VR therapy as well as on optimizing its application in clinical settings for improved convenience and effectiveness. Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2000040132; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=64346

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Immediate and Short-Term Effect of Virtual Reality Training on Pain, Range of Motion, and Kinesiophobia in Patients with Cervical Spondylosis

Cited by 5 publications

References 3 publications

Virtual Reality Intervention for Patients With Neck Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Virtual Reality Intervention for Patients With Neck Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Does having an external focus in immersive virtual reality increase range of motion in people with neck pain?

Effects of Virtual Reality Therapy Combined With Conventional Rehabilitation on Pain, Kinematic Function, and Disability in Patients With Chronic Neck Pain: Randomized Controlled Trial

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