Immediate and long-term priming effects are independent of prime awareness

Francken, Jolien C.; Gaal, Simon van; Lange, Floris P. de

doi:10.1016/j.concog.2011.04.005

Cited by 41 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In contrast to RT results, Experiment 1 did show that an unconscious conflict triggered adaptation on errors, although this adaptation effect was small in magnitude and restricted to the overall conflict. Consistent with our Experiment 1, Francken et al (2011), using arrow stimuli in a similar paradigm to van Gaal et al (2010), also observed unconsciously triggered adaptation only on error rates. Note that Experiment 3 did not show evidence for an unconscious conflict adaptation even on errors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Many studies have now demonstrated that unconscious primes cannot only be processed at the perceptual and motor levels (e.g., Dehaene et al, 2004;Dehaene et al, 2001;Eimer & Schlaghecken, 2003), but also afford high-level processing, such as semantic (Van den Bussche, Notebaert, & Reynvoet, 2009) or emotional processing (Naccache et al, 2005). More important to note, recent studies also demonstrated that conflict adaptation may be triggered by unconscious stimuli (Desender, Van Lierde, & Van den Bussche, 2013;Francken, Gaal, & de Lange, 2011;van Gaal, Lamme, & Ridderinkhof, 2010). It is generally assumed that high-level cognitive functions subtended by prefrontal cortex such as cognitive control can only be elicited consciously (Dehaene & Changeux, 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Dissociating perception from action during conscious and unconscious conflict adaptation.

Atas

Desender

Gevers

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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The detection of a conflict between relevant and irrelevant information on a given trial typically results in a smaller conflict effect on the next trial. This sequential effect has been interpreted as an expression of cognitive control implemented to resolve conflict. In this context, 2 different but related issues have received increasing attention in the literature. The first issue is whether the detection of motor conflict is necessary to induce cognitive control or, alternatively, whether the detection of perceptual conflict is sufficient. The second issue concerns whether awareness of the conflict is necessary to induce cognitive control. Here, we address both issues in a single design. Our reaction-time (RT) results indicate that conflict-driven control is domain-specific. The detection of perceptual conflict on the previous trial selectively reduces perceptual conflict on the next trial. Similarly, the detection of motor conflict on the previous trial selectively reduces motor conflict on the next trial. For errors, adaptive control seemed to be more general: The detection of perceptual or motor conflict on the previous trial reduced the frequency of errors on response-conflict trials. Furthermore, unconsciously triggered conflict adaptation was observed, but not systematically. Results on errors provide some evidence that sensitivity to an unconscious conflict on the previous trial reduces the frequency of errors on the current trial. For RT analyses however, unconscious conflict appeared not to be sufficient to induce cognitive control. This pattern of results is in line with previous studies examining the role of consciousness in conflict adaptation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociating perception from action during conscious and unconscious conflict adaptation.

Atas

Desender

Gevers

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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“…Based on the studies of van Gaal et al (2010b) and Francken et al (2011) one could conclude that unconscious conflict can trigger adaptation behavior. An important question is whether these results are truly the consequence of unconscious conflict, or alternatively the consequence of information which reached consciousness (e.g., Ansorge et al, 2011).…”

Section: An Area Exclusively Reserved For Consciousness?mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Two recent studies also claimed to have found adaptation to unconscious conflict. In a priming study, Francken et al (2011) obtained conflict adaptation on the current trial, independent of the visibility of the previous trial. However, this was only the case in the error rates, not in reaction times.…”

Section: An Area Exclusively Reserved For Consciousness?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Consciousness Necessary for Conflict Adaptation? A State of the Art

Desender¹,

Bussche²

2012

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Facing response conflict, subjects try to improve their responses by reducing the influence of the detrimental information which caused the conflict. It was speculated that this adaptation to conflict can only occur when the conflicting information is consciously perceived. In this review we give an overview of the research looking at the possibility of unconscious stimuli to provoke this conflict adaptation. In a first part we discuss adaptation to conflict on a trial-by-trial basis. When the previous trial contained conflicting information, subjects will adapt to this by reducing the influence of the conflicting information on the current trial. However, the interesting question is whether this is also possible when the conflicting information remains unconscious. In a second part we will discuss blockwise adaptation to conflict. If conflict is very frequent, subjects will adapt to this by reducing the conflicting information sustainably. Again the question is whether this is possible when the conflict was never experienced consciously. In a third part we will discuss the neural basis of conscious and unconscious conflict adaptation. We will critically discuss the research on these topics and highlight strengths and weaknesses of the used paradigms. Finally, we will give some suggestions how future research can be more conclusive in this respect.

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“…Scientific studies tend to overlook the subjective qualities of present-moment engagement, such as clarity or depth (though see Baijal & Srinivasan, 2009;Francken, van Gaal, & de Lange, 2011), that characterize awareness in meditative or mindful cognition (Bodhi, 2011;Brown & Ryan, 2003). In addition, the breadth of immediate occurrence that may engage with awareness needs accounting for, as each moment entails a wide expanse of sensory and mental events that can potentially stream through awareness.…”

Section: Awareness In Meditationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contemplative Cognition: A More Integrative Framework for Advancing Mindfulness and Meditation Research

Grossenbacher

Quaglia

2017

Mindfulness

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Mindfulness, whether distinguished as a state, trait, or training, is central to a growing wave of interest in meditation. Theoretical development has been called for in order to clarify confusion about mindfulness from a scientific perspective. Ideally, such development will allow ingress for more traditional perspectives, and guide inclusive research on the wider range of meditation practices. To address this call, we outline a new approach for understanding mindfulness and related meditative experience that accommodates diverse perspectives. In accord with other integrative approaches, we employ foundational psychological constructs (namely, attention, intention, and awareness) to understand mindfulness. In contrast to other theoretical perspectives, however, we utilize this foundation to derive novel psychological constructs needed to better explain mindfulness and important features of meditative experience more widely. The contemplative cognition framework integrates three attention-related processes

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Immediate and long-term priming effects are independent of prime awareness

Cited by 41 publications

References 28 publications

Dissociating perception from action during conscious and unconscious conflict adaptation.

Dissociating perception from action during conscious and unconscious conflict adaptation.

Is Consciousness Necessary for Conflict Adaptation? A State of the Art

Contemplative Cognition: A More Integrative Framework for Advancing Mindfulness and Meditation Research

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