Immediate and long-term behavioral effects of a single nicotine injection in adolescent and adult rats

Differential sensitivity to the effects of nicotine and bupropion in adolescent and adult male OF1 mice during social interaction tests

“…Therefore, our results reflect those of previous studies indicating differential sensitivity to the effects of NIC based on the age of the subjects [Cheeta et al, 2001;Levin et al, 2003;O'Dell et al, 2006;Rezvani and Levin, 2004]. Our results are also in concordance with those of a recent study reporting how a single injection of NIC administered during early adolescence produced far more distinct behavioral effects on reward and locomotor activity than those observed when administered in adults [Brielmaier et al, 2006]. The only study to compare the effects of BUP in adolescent and adult mice indicated that, although global effects of BUP on locomotor activity are similar in adolescent and adult mice, differences do emerge when the temporal course of the motor changes induced by this drug is also considered [Redolat et al, 2005b].…”

“…In contrast, adolescent rats do not exhibit signs of NIC cue conditioning and display less sensitization to its locomotor effects [Cruz et al, 2005;Schochet et al, 2004] than adult animals. Differences in the reinforcing effects of NIC have also been reported and suggest that the drug is more rewarding during early adolescence than at later ages [Belluzzi et al, 2004;Brielmaier et al, 2006;Kota et al, 2007;Shram et al, 2006]. It has been demonstrated that rats that are administered NIC during adolescence later self-administer more NIC than those that were first exposed to it during adulthood [Levin et al, 2006].…”

Nicotine Dependence and Reward Differ between Adolescent and Adult Male Mice

“…Indeed, adolescent rodents performed better in an active avoidance task (Spear and Brake, 1983). In addition, several reports found that adolescent rats displayed a significant conditioned place preference after only one pairing of nicotine, whereas adults showed no preference (Belluzzi et al, 2004;Brielmaier et al, 2007). Finally, it is possible that pharmacokinetic differences between adult and adolescent rodents could explain the different potencies.…”

“…Results are expressed as mean AUC Ϯ S.E. adults (Brielmaier et al, 2007). The tolerance level is an important factor in evaluating nicotine dependence.…”

Effects of acute stress on acquisition of nicotine conditioned place preference in adolescent rats: a role for corticotropin-releasing factor 1 receptors

“…The majority of all adult cigarette smokers began in adolescence (Centers for Disease Control 2008), suggesting that initiating tobacco use at an early age confers a higher risk for dependence (Kandel and Chen 2000). Rodent studies from our laboratory and others suggest that adolescents are more sensitive than adults to the rewarding effects of nicotine, which may serve to increase vulnerability to nicotine addiction (Belluzzi et al 2004;Brielmaier et al 2007;Shram and Lê 2010;Torres et al 2008). Feelings of reward and positive affect upon first exposure to tobacco strongly predict later dependence among adolescents (DiFranza et al 2007;Kandel et al 2007).…”