Immature Granulocyte Count and Percentage as New Predictors of Mortality in Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Abstract

A bstract Aims Early identification of patients at risk of adverse outcomes may increase the survival rates in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), but this can be difficult to predict in emergencies. The aim of the study is to evaluate immature granulocyte (IG), which can be obtained from simple hemogram tests in patients with UGIB, in terms of clinical use and as a mortality marker. Materials and methods The patients diagnosed with UGIB between March 1, 2019, and September 30, 2019, were evaluated retrospectively. Demographic characteristics, causes of hemorrhage, clinical presentations, hemogram, and biochemistry values at ED admission and 30-day mortality status of the patients were examined. We divided the patients into groups according to their mortality status, and the groups were compared among themselves in terms of parameters. Results A total of 213 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Of these patients, 139 (65.3%) were male and the mean age was 65.05 ± 16.7 years. Fifteen (7%) of them were in the nonsurvival group, while 198 (93%) were in the survival group. The efficacy of both the IG count (IGC) and IG% in predicting mortality was statistically significant ( p = 0.002, p = 0.008, respectively). The sensitivity and specificity for the IGC were found as 60% and 84.4; for the IG%, they were found as 66.7% and 75.7%, respectively. Conclusion IGC and IG% are independent risk factors for the 30-day mortality status. These measurements are obtained from simple hemogram tests and may be useful for the evaluation of mortality in patients with UGIB. How to cite this article Bedel C, Korkut M, Avcı A, Uzun A. Immature Granulocyte Count and Percentage as New Predictors of Mortality in Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(9):794–798.

Echocardiographic epicardial fat thickness and immature granulocyte are novel inflammatory predictors of acute ischemic stroke: a prospective study

“…Moreover, its presence has been reported to be predictive of mortality in relation to many gastrointestinal diseases. 5,6,26 No studies in the literature have yet examined the correlation between IG and AIS. Park et al reported that IG might be a marker for mortality due to sepsis, and its sensitivity for mortality in their study was found to be 70%; specificity was found to be 78%.…”

“…The prognostic and predictive role of IGs has been shown in relation to many diseases. 5,6 However, the role of IGs in patients with AIS has not been clearly revealed until now.…”

Can immature granulocytes be used as a predictive new marker in the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis?

“…Immature granulocyte, one of these new inflammatory markers, is an indicator of increased myeloid cell production and it has been shown to increase in inflammatory conditions [7,8]. In recent studies in the literature, it has been shown that immature granulocyte count (IGC) and immature granulocyte percentage (IG%) are useful as inflammatory markers in many diseases such as acute pancreatitis accompanied by inflammation, acute appendicitis, acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage and intracerebral hemorrhage [9][10][11][12]. There is no study yet showing the predictivity of IGC and IG% in the diagnosis of AC.…”

Usefulness of Immature Granulocytes as A Prognostic Factor in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction

“…The immature granulocytes (IG) count, which is a practical marker of local and systemic inflammation, can be quickly and easily obtained using a complete blood count (CBC) by means of recent technological advances such as automated blood cell analysers. The IG count can reflect the fraction of circulating IG without demanding extra costs or time [ 7 - 9 ] . A literature review has shown that only a few studies have investigated the association between the IG count and the severity of STEMI.…”