“…In terms of catalyst stability and separation of catalyst, heterogeneous catalysts are superior to the homogeneous ones [44]. Metal oxides [45], modified molecular sieves [46,47], ion-exchange resins [48,49], nanoparticles [50][51][52], Nitrogen-doped porous carbon monolith [53], poly(ionic liquid) [54,55], microporous organic polymers [56,57] and supported catalysts [58][59][60][61][62][63][64] were used to catalyzing synthesis of cyclic carbonate from epoxide and carbon dioxide. However, their application is limited due to low activity, rigorous reaction conditions, unsatisfactory stability, and/or poor reusability.…”