“…[2][3][4][5] Especially, imidazolium-based ionic liquids aroused the interest of many researchers based on their unique properties that the imidazole ring is ubiquitous in nature and plays a critical role in many structures and functions within the human body because of the imidazole ring's ability to bond to metals as a ligand and also to form hydrogen bonds with drugs and proteins. [6][7][8] Recently, nanoparticles and biomaterials were reported to be integrated into a system, which was employed by the interactions between specic protein and ion-exchange groups or affinity ligands in biological recognition and detection. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Particularly, QDs as unique nanoparticles have attracted extensive attention and gained popularity in various applications, including protein assays, and it is possible to attach the recognition element to the signal-generating transducer as desirable uorescent label owing to their high luminescence efficiency, good photostability and size dependent emission wavelengths.…”