Imidacloprid Poisoning of Songbirds Following a Drench Application of Trees in a Residential Neighborhood in California, USA

Rogers, Krysta H.; McMillin, Stella C.; Olstad, Katie J.; Poppenga, Robert H.

doi:10.1002/etc.4473

Cited by 29 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, pesticide specificity is limited and these substances can also affect non-target organisms. Acute exposure to pesticides leading to mortality in non-target wildlife has been reported ( Kwon et al , 2004 ; Rogers et al , 2019 ), though current interest lies in the sublethal effects of chronic pesticide exposure ( Bright et al , 2008 ; Köhler and Triebskorn, 2013 ). For instance, carbamate and organophosphate insecticides are designed to inactivate the action of acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that quickly catabolizes acetylcholine from synapses to prevent permanent firing of nervous impulses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural pesticides and ectoparasites: potential combined effects on the physiology of a declining aerial insectivore

Sigouin¹,

Bélisle

Garant

et al. 2021

Conservation Physiology

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Agricultural pesticides usage has been increasing globally. These compounds have been developed to disrupt pest species physiology, but because their specificity is limited, they can also have adverse effects on non-target organisms. Recent studies have shown that the damaging toxicological effects of pesticides can be amplified in stressful environments. However, few studies have documented these effects in natural settings where organisms are simultaneously exposed to pesticides and to other environmental stressors such as parasites. In this study, we assessed both pesticide and ectoparasite effects on the physiology of a free-ranging bird. We measured physiological markers including haematocrit, bacteria-killing ability (BKA) and leucocyte counts, as well as exposure to haematophagous Protocalliphora larvae, in tree swallow nestlings (Tachycineta bicolor), a declining aerial insectivore, in southern Québec, Canada, for over 3 years. We found that combined exposure to pesticides and Protocalliphora larvae was negatively related to haematocrit, suggesting possible synergistic effects. However, we found no such relationships with BKA and leucocyte counts, highlighting the complexity of physiological responses to multiple stressors in natural settings. Populations of several aerial insectivores are declining, and although sublethal pesticide effects on physiology are suspected, our results suggest that exposure to other factors, such as parasitism, should also be considered to fully assess these effects, especially because pesticides are increasingly present in the environment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural pesticides and ectoparasites: potential combined effects on the physiology of a declining aerial insectivore

Sigouin¹,

Bélisle

Garant

et al. 2021

Conservation Physiology

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“…However, even low doses of neonicotinoids have negative effects on the physiology and survival of a wide range of non-target organisms including bees and vertebrates in terrestrial habitats [4,5]. A recent report described songbird death after ingestion of imidacloprid-coated seeds from drench-application to the base of trees in a residential neighborhood in California [6]. In addition to non-target organism toxicity from unanticipated exposure and ingestion, neonicotinoids can leach from soil into waterways and accumulate in soils [7], and they are found in the nectar and pollen of even untreated plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonicotinoid-containing insecticide disruption of growth, locomotion, and fertility in Caenorhabditis elegans

et al. 2020

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Neonicotinoids, a class of insecticides structurally similar to nicotine that target biting and sucking insects, are the most widely used insecticides today, in part due to their supposed low toxicity in other organisms. However, a growing body of research has found that even low doses of neonicotinoids can induce unexpected negative effects on the physiology and survival of a wide range of non-target organisms. Importantly, no work has been done on the commercial formulations of pesticides that include imidacloprid as the active ingredient, but that also contain many other components. The present study examines the sublethal effects of "Tree and Shrub"™ ("T+S"), a commercial insecticide containing the neonicotinoid imidacloprid as its active ingredient, on Caenorhabditis elegans. We discovered that "T+S" significantly stunted the overall growth in wildtype nematodes, an effect that was exacerbated by concurrent exposure to heat stress. "T+S" also negatively impacted fecundity as measured by increased germline apoptosis, a decrease in egg-laying, and fewer viable offspring. Lastly, exposure to "T+S" resulted in degenerative changes in nicotinic cholinergic neurons in wildtype nematodes. As a whole, these findings demonstrate widespread toxic effects of neonicotinoids to critical functions in nematodes.

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“…Furthermore, neonicotinoids can persist for months or years in the environment, which can lead to their presence in soils, sediments, groundwater, surface water, and vegetation (Goulson 2013;Bonmatin et al 2015;Morrissey et al 2015). Other possible routes of exposure might include ingestion of recently sprayed foliage and aboveground plant parts (Rouchaud et al 1994;Bonmatin et al 2005;Rogers et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carcasses may also be inconspicuous (de Snoo et al 1999) and can be quickly scavenged and not completely recovered (Vyas 1999). Despite these challenges, some neonicotinoid poisoning incidents have been detected in the wild (Berny et al 1999;de Snoo et al 1999;Millot et al 2017;Botha et al 2018;Rogers et al 2019). In France, over 100 incidents were reported through a national epidemiological surveillance network between 1995 and 2014 and mostly involved pigeons and partridges but also involved cranes, gulls, starlings, and pheasants (Millot et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sublethal and Lethal Methods to Detect Recent Imidacloprid Exposure in Birds with Application to Field Studies

Roy

Jankowski

Ponder

et al. 2020

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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We used domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) as a model for granivorous birds to identify methods to detect recent imidacloprid exposure in wild birds. We conducted dosing experiments of 1, 5, 10, and 20% of a reported median lethal dose for domestic chickens using repeated daily exposures over 7 d, at dosages equating to 1.04, 5.2, 10.4, and 20.8 mg/kg/d. We examined the parent compound and metabolites in serial collections of feces and blood during exposures and for 15 d after exposures. We also collected liver, kidney, brain, muscle, and spleen at the experiment end. Mean concentrations of parent compound at 15 d postexposure were highest in the feces and brain, followed by the liver, muscle, spleen, and kidney; but mean concentrations of metabolites 5‐OH‐imidacloprid and imidacloprid‐olefin were highest in feces; then liver, spleen, muscle, and kidney; and then brain. Imidacloprid was rapidly cleared from blood, with only one individual in any dose group having detectable concentrations after 48 h. In contrast, fecal pellets had the highest frequency of imidacloprid detection after 15 d. Concentrations of metabolites were higher than those of the parent compound at all sampling times examined but provided no information about time since exposure. Feces may provide a reliable nonlethal method for detection of recent imidacloprid exposure in wild birds. Additional work is needed to disentangle exposure dose concentration and time since exposure in field‐collected samples. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1355–1366. © 2020 SETAC

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Imidacloprid Poisoning of Songbirds Following a Drench Application of Trees in a Residential Neighborhood in California, USA

Cited by 29 publications

References 24 publications

Agricultural pesticides and ectoparasites: potential combined effects on the physiology of a declining aerial insectivore

Agricultural pesticides and ectoparasites: potential combined effects on the physiology of a declining aerial insectivore

Neonicotinoid-containing insecticide disruption of growth, locomotion, and fertility in Caenorhabditis elegans

Sublethal and Lethal Methods to Detect Recent Imidacloprid Exposure in Birds with Application to Field Studies

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