IMI—The Dynamic Choroid: New Insights, Challenges, and Potential Significance for Human Myopia

Ostrin, Lisa A; Harb, Elise; Nickla, Debora L.; Read, Scott A.; Alonso‐Caneiro, David; Schroedl, Falk; Kaser-Eichberger, Alexandra; Zhou, Xiangtian; Wildsoet, Christine F.

doi:10.1167/iovs.64.6.4

Cited by 35 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 247 publications

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“…We note that acute choroidal thickness changes are only a proxy for refractive development, and it is not at all clear that this method can reliably predict refractive development in humans. 74 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Parameters Governing the Anti-Myopia Efficacy of Chromatically Simulated Myopic Defocus in Tree Shrews

She,

Gawne

2024

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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Purpose We previously showed that exposing tree shrews ( Tupaia belangeri , small diurnal mammals closely related to primates) to chromatically simulated myopic defocus (CSMD) counteracted small-cage myopia and instead induced hyperopia (approximately +4 diopters [D]). Here, we explored the parameters of this effect. Methods Tree shrews were exposed to the following interventions for 11 days: (1) rearing in closed ( n = 7) or open ( n = 6) small cages; (2) exposed to a video display of Maltese cross images with CSMD combined with overhead lighting ( n = 4); (3) exposed to a video display of Maltese cross images with zero blue contrast (“flat blue,” n = 8); and (4) exposed to a video display of black and white grayscale tree images with different spatial filtering (blue pixels lowpass <1 and <2 cycles per degree [CPD]) for the CSMD. Results (1) Tree shrews kept in closed cages, but not open cages, developed myopia. (2) Overhead illumination reduced the hyperopia induced by CSMD. (3) Zero-blue contrast produced hyperopia but slightly less than the CSMD. (4) Both of the CSMD tree images counteracted small cage myopia, but the one low pass filtering blue <1 CPD was more effective at inducing hyperopia. Conclusions Any pattern with reduced blue contrast at and below approximately 1 CPD counteracts myopia/promotes hyperopia, but maximal effectiveness may require that the video display be the brightest object in the environment. Translational Relevance Chromatically simulated myopic blur might be a powerful anti-myopia therapy in children, but the parameter selection could be critical. Issues for translation to humans are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Parameters Governing the Anti-Myopia Efficacy of Chromatically Simulated Myopic Defocus in Tree Shrews

She,

Gawne

2024

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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“…The video content encompassed six aspects: definition, symptoms, risk factors, assessment, management, and outcomes of myopia. The specific content can be found in our previous research [ 12 ] and combined with the International Myopia Institute (IMI) series of articles updated in 2023 [ 26 – 28 ]. Each aspect was scored as follows: 0 for “Not mentioned”, 1 for “Partially mentioned”, and 2 for “Fully mentioned”.…”

Section: Video Features and Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myopia information on TikTok: analysis factors that impact video quality and audience engagement

Ming,

Han,

Yao

et al. 2024

BMC Public Health

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Background TikTok is emerging as a vital platform for health information dissemination. Despite myopia being a global public health issue, the high-quality myopia information shared by health educators often fails to go viral. It is imperative to analyze the factors influencing video quality and popularity, especially from diverse perspectives of researchers, health educators, and audiences. Methods TikTok myopia-related videos were retrieved using TikTok’s default comprehensive search (DCS) and most liked search (MLS) strategies. Venn diagrams were employed to illustrate the relationships and commonalities between the two strategies across four sample sizes (top 200, 150, 100, and 50). Video metadata, including details such as creator information, production properties, upload time, video duration, and viewer engagement, were collected. Video quality was assessed using the DISCERN tool. Video content covering six aspects of myopia were evaluated. The impact of search strategies, video sample sizes, production properties, and myopia content on video quality and audience engagement was analyzed through single-factor or multi-factor analysis. Results DCS and MLS retrieval strategies, as well as varying sample sizes, resulted in differences in audience engagement for myopia videos (P < 0.039), while The DISCERN quality scores remained comparable (P > 0.221). Videos published by healthcare professionals (HCPs) and non-profit organizations (NPOs) were associated with high-quality (P ≤ 0.014) but comparatively lower popularity (P < 0.033). Videos that reported contents of risk factors, management, and outcomes showed high popularity (P < 0.018), while longer video duration (> 60s) exhibited the opposite trend (P < 0.032). Content on myopia evaluation (P ≤ 0.001) and management (P ≤ 0.022) and video duration were positively correlated with higher DISCERN quality. Conclusion Videos created by HCPs and NPOs deserve greater attention. Rather than pursuing entertaining effects, professional educators should emphasize producing concise, and high-quality myopia content that readily resonates with the audience and has the potential to go viral on the platform.

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“… 68 For details on how myopia control treatments impact the choroid, see the IMI—dynamic choroid white paper. 111 …”

Section: Choroidmentioning

confidence: 99%

IMI—Nonpathological Human Ocular Tissue Changes With Axial Myopia

Jonas

Spaide

Ostrin

et al. 2023

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Purpose To describe nonpathological myopia-related characteristics of the human eye. Methods Based on histomorphometric and clinical studies, qualitative and quantitative findings associated with myopic axial elongation are presented. Results In axial myopia, the eye changes from a spherical shape to a prolate ellipsoid, photoreceptor, and retinal pigment epithelium cell density and total retinal thickness decrease, most marked in the retroequatorial region, followed by the equator. The choroid and sclera are thin, most markedly at the posterior pole and least markedly at the ora serrata. The sclera undergoes alterations in fibroblast activity, changes in extracellular matrix content, and remodeling. Bruch's membrane (BM) thickness is unrelated to axial length, although the BM volume increases. In moderate myopia, the BM opening shifts, usually toward the fovea, leading to the BM overhanging into the nasal intrapapillary compartment. Subsequently, the BM is absent in the temporal region (such as parapapillary gamma zone), the optic disc takes on a vertically oval shape, the fovea–optic disc distance elongates without macular BM elongation, the angle kappa reduces, and the papillomacular retinal vessels and nerve fibers straighten and stretch. In high myopia, the BM opening and the optic disc enlarge, the lamina cribrosa, the peripapillary scleral flange (such as parapapillary delta zone) and the peripapillary choroidal border tissue lengthen and thin, and a circular gamma and delta zone develop. Conclusions A thorough characterization of ocular changes in nonpathological myopia are of importance to better understand the mechanisms of myopic axial elongation, pathological structural changes, and psychophysical sequelae of myopia on visual function.

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IMI—The Dynamic Choroid: New Insights, Challenges, and Potential Significance for Human Myopia

Cited by 35 publications

References 247 publications

The Parameters Governing the Anti-Myopia Efficacy of Chromatically Simulated Myopic Defocus in Tree Shrews

The Parameters Governing the Anti-Myopia Efficacy of Chromatically Simulated Myopic Defocus in Tree Shrews

Myopia information on TikTok: analysis factors that impact video quality and audience engagement

IMI—Nonpathological Human Ocular Tissue Changes With Axial Myopia

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