“…In addition, previous distributed or multiple databases either support only the mere retrieval of information or require a hierarchy of central controllers to ensure that updates to one database are reflected in all other databases (Smith et al, 1981;Landers and Rosenberg, 1982;USAF, 1983;Krishnamurty et al, 1988;McLeod, 1990;Sheth and Larson, 1990). Prime examples of previous results on heterogeneous distributed databases include Multibase (Shipman, 1981;Smith et al, 1981;Landers and Rosenberg, 1982), DATAPLEX (Chung, 1990), IMDAS (Krishnamurty et al, 1988), Federated Databases (Sheth and Larson, 1990), Interbase (McLeod, 1990), Composite Information Systems (Wang and Madnick, 1989), among other similar efforts (see Rem (1991) for an introduction and Reddy et al (1989) for a survey on query processing for these systems).…”