Imbalance of Vitamin B Factors

Richards, Marion B.

doi:10.1136/bmj.1.4395.433

Cited by 31 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…It is well known that deficiency symptoms connected with certain members of the B group of vitamins can be produced in animals (Richards, 1945(Richards, , 1949 if one other member is given in excessively large doses. Magyar & Gyorgy (1g49a, b) even go so far as to explain such deficiencies on the basis of an exhaustion of phosphorylating mechanism by over-utilization on the member present in excess, which thus becomes an unfair competitor.…”

Section: Possible Clinical Use Of Atpmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biological and therapeutic significance of organic phosphates occurring in nature

Bergel

1952

J. Appl. Chem.

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The search for technically applicable methods for the synthesis and preparation of naturally occurring organic phosphates includes finding new ways of phosphorylation and the application of up‐to‐date physico‐chemical methods for purification and analysis. The achievements of Todd and his collaborators in synthesizing pyrimidine and purine nucleotides, including adenosine triphosphate, have contributed greatly to the advances in this field, in which so many others have taken part, including my colleagues and myself. The purpose of this paper is to present the background of this synthetic adventure—a kind of stocktaking and a story largely dependent on published and printed matter, scattered in many journals and treated in articles and books [e.g. Baldwin, 1947; Lipmann, 1941; Lipmann & Kaplan, 1949; Umbreit, 1947 (added at the proof‐reading stage: Avison & Hawkins, 1951; Lynen & Koenigsberger, 1950, 1951; Oesper, 1950; Hill & Morales, 1950, 1951)], and as such far from complete.

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Section: Possible Clinical Use Of Atpmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biological and therapeutic significance of organic phosphates occurring in nature

Bergel

1952

J. Appl. Chem.

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“…The factor is said to vary with the season (36,37). Addition of small amounts of milk-to purified diets supplemented with known vitamins improved lactation in rats (38,39); with poor human diets, the breeding performance (40,41) and growth (42) of rats were also enhanced by milk. Addition of fresh skim milk proved beneficial to rats receiving a synthetic diet containing yeast (43).…”

Section: Nutritive Value As Estimated In Laboratory and Field Exmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section D. Nutritive value of milk and milk products

Kon

Henry

1949

Journal of Dairy Research

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III. Nutritive value as estimated in laboratory andVitamin B, (pyridosrin) after parturition contained 14, 25, 36 and 29/xg./g. fat (0-9,1-1, 1-3 and 1-3 mg./l.) of carotene and 48, 91, 67 and 165 jig./g. fat (2-8, 3-7, 3-0 and 6-9 mg./l.) of vitamin A, and the effects of the supplements were still evident in later samples of colostrum. It is of interest that the addition of carotene did not increase the vitamin A, and that the administration of vitamm A did not depress the .carotene, in colostrum.Unpublished work at Shinfield(77) gave very similar results, but the high vitamin A ration depressed the carotene content of the colostrum. Corroborative evidence comes from Russia (78), and from the U.S. Bureau of Dairy Industry (79). The colostrum of two cows which had been on pasture had a higher vitamin A potency than that of two cows on a ration low in vitamin A (79).Several authors have studied the vitamin A and carotene content of colostrum of different breeds under normal and experimental conditions. Valuable information comes from the Ohio State University herd for which two sets of values are available, one for groups of five to nine Ayrshire, Guernsey, Friesian (Holstein) and Jersey cows which calved while on winter feed (80) and another for similar cows of the same breeds, with the addition of Brown Swiss, which calved a year or two later on pasture (81). The values are not strictly comparable as they are given for separate days in the first study and for separate milkings in the second. On both occasions the carotene concentration in the first sample was lowest for Friesian cows (1-97 and 2-89 mg./l.) and highest for Guernseys (4-97 and 8-64 mg./L). For vitamin A, Jerseys were bottom of the four breeds on both occasions (2-18 and 1-44 mg./L), but Ayrshires led in the first study with 2-94 mg./l. and Guernseys in the second with 2-79 mg./l. The values for the Brown Swiss were 4-97 mg./l. for carotene and 3-48 mg./l. for vitamin A. It is noteworthy that the colostrum of the cows which calved in winter was relatively poorer in carotene and richer in vitamin A than that of the cows on pasture. The differences were much less marked in later samples. An interesting feature of these findings was that, on both occasions, the concentration of carotene in the Jersey colostrum was at first much less than for Guernseys, and even less than for Ayrshires, but the concentration declined more slowly, and the Jerseys were leading, for example, from the fourth to the seventh milking in the second experiment. The results indicate a marked individual variation in the concentration of vitamin A and carotene in colostrum, a fact emphasized by the findings of most other authors. In the first 3 days after calving some 50 mg. of vitamin A and 60 mg. of carotene were secreted in colostrum (80).Hansen, Phillips & Smith (82) followed the vitamin A and carotene content of the colostrum, and its change with the progress of lactation and method of milking, of eighteen Friesian cows which were uniformly fed indoors throughout their first ...

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“…Bichel and Meulengracht (1941) reported the development of pellagra after treatment with riboflavin ; Leitner (1945) described signs of riboflavin deficiency after large parenteral doses of thiamin. Repeated attempts to produce imbalance of the vitamin-B factors experimentally have been unsuccessful, but Richards (1945) was able to induce fits in rats kept on pyridoxin-poor diet after large doses of thiamin, whilst the fits (characteristic of pyridoxin deficiency) could be entirely prevented if small doses of pyridoxin were given before the thiamin. Richards also suggested that one of the two types of thiamin toxicity described previously by Leitner (1943) which resembled thyroid overdosage might well be considered a vitamin deficiency induced by excess of the single vitamin.…”

Section: Increased Body Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Vitamin-deficiency States

Leitner¹

1948

BMJ

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Imbalance of Vitamin B Factors

Cited by 31 publications

References 5 publications

The biological and therapeutic significance of organic phosphates occurring in nature

The biological and therapeutic significance of organic phosphates occurring in nature

Section D. Nutritive value of milk and milk products

Early Vitamin-deficiency States

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