Imbalance between Anion and Cation Distribution at Ice Interface with Liquid Phase in Frozen Electrolyte As Evaluated by Fluorometric Measurements of pH

Watanabe, Hiroki; Otsuka, Takuhiro; Harada, Makoto; Okada, Tetsuo

doi:10.1021/jp5031653

Cited by 47 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…As expected, water, while freezing, rejects brine, which also contains the fluorophore accumulated at the grain boundaries. 6,28,29 With the proper fluorophore, we can thus quantitatively and thermodynamically follow the growth of ice crystals, 30 with or without ZrAc in the solution.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-Lapse, in Situ Imaging of Ice Crystal Growth Using Confocal Microscopy

et al. 2016

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Ice crystals nucleate and grow when a water solution is cooled below its freezing point. The growth velocities and morphologies of the ice crystals depend on many parameters, such as the temperature of ice growth, the melting temperature, and the interactions of solutes with the growing crystals. Three types of morphologies may appear: dendritic, cellular (or fingerlike), or the faceted equilibrium form. Understanding and controlling which type of morphology is formed is essential in several domains, from biology to geophysics and materials science. Obtaining, in situ, three dimensional observations without introducing artifacts due to the experimental technique is nevertheless challenging. Here we show how we can use laser scanning confocal microscopy to follow in real-time the growth of smoothed and faceted ice crystals in zirconium acetate solutions. Both qualitative and quantitative observations can be made. In particular, we can precisely measure the lateral growth velocity of the crystals, a measure otherwise difficult to obtain. Such observations should help us understand the influence of the parameters that control the growth of ice crystals in various systems.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-Lapse, in Situ Imaging of Ice Crystal Growth Using Confocal Microscopy

et al. 2016

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“…10 Also, when an aqueous NaCl is frozen, Cl -is more preferably entrapped in the ice crystal than Na + . 21 Although the charge imbalance is relaxed by the transfer of OH -and H + to the solution and ice phases, respectively, the ice phase is likely to be negatively charged in frozen aqueous NaCl. Zeta potential measurements at the ice/aqueous solution interface were attempted, and the point of zero charge of ice was reported as being pH 3.5 in a 1 mM NaCl solution.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shear-Driven Flow Ice Chromatography as a Possible Tool Probing Ice/Water Interface

et al. 2016

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Although ice chromatography is a useful probe of ice interfaces, its low separation efficiency has often made difficult to access the ice/water interface. Coupling of this method with shear-driven flow chromatography, which has high separation potential, solves the problems involved in ice chromatography. This paper reports on shear-driven flow ice chromatographic instrumentation, and discusses the separation performance. Electrostatic separation of positively and negatively charged dyes is demonstrated with an OH --doped ice plate as a stationary phase.Keywords Shear flow, ice chromatography, electrostatic interaction at ice interface, interface between ice and aqueous solution

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“…H + and OH − are trapped in the ice crystal structure, forming defects. In contrast, when a salt solution is frozen, only a tiny part of salt is included in the ice, the majority being expelled from the ice crystals. The expelled salt forms an FCS at temperatures greater than the eutectic point of the system.…”

Section: Ice Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro- and Nano-Liquid Phases Coexistent with Ice as Separation and Reaction Media.

Okada

2016

Chem. Rec.

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Ice has a variety of scientifically interesting features, some of which have not been reasonably interpreted despite substantial efforts by researchers. Most chemical studies of ice have focused on the elucidation of its physicochemical nature and its roles in the natural environment. Ice often contains impurities, such as salts, and in such cases, a liquid phase coexists with solid ice over a wide temperature range. This impure ice also acts as a cryoreactor, governing the circulation of chemical species of environmental importance. Reactions and phenomena occurring in this liquid phase show features different from those seen in normal bulk aqueous solutions. In the present account, we discuss the chemical characteristics of the liquid phase that develops in a frozen aqueous phase and show how novel analytical systems can be designed based on he features of the liquid phase which are predictable in some cases but unpredictable in others.

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Imbalance between Anion and Cation Distribution at Ice Interface with Liquid Phase in Frozen Electrolyte As Evaluated by Fluorometric Measurements of pH

Cited by 47 publications

References 49 publications

Time-Lapse, in Situ Imaging of Ice Crystal Growth Using Confocal Microscopy

Time-Lapse, in Situ Imaging of Ice Crystal Growth Using Confocal Microscopy

Shear-Driven Flow Ice Chromatography as a Possible Tool Probing Ice/Water Interface

Micro- and Nano-Liquid Phases Coexistent with Ice as Separation and Reaction Media.

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