Imaging the two gaps of the high-temperature superconductor Bi2Sr2CuO6+x

Boyer, Michael; Wise, W. D.; Chatterjee, Kamalesh; Yi, Ming; Kondo, Takeshi; Takeuchi, Tsunehiro; Ikuta, Hiroshi; Hudson, Eric

doi:10.1038/nphys725

Cited by 241 publications

(342 citation statements)

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“…Although the exact origin of the cuprate pseudogap is still under much debate, in recent years there are growing evidences that it may represent certain density wave orders, such as charge density wave 10,[14][15][16] or incommensurate antiferromagnetic orders 22,23 . In either case, the FS is already reconstructed in the pseudogap regime and the SC phase develops on the residual FSs at low T. The density wave and SC orders compete for FS sections but may coexist with each other in real space.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visualizing the microscopic coexistence of spin density wave and superconductivity in underdoped NaFe1−xCoxAs

et al. 2013

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Although the origin of high temperature superconductivity in the iron pnictides is still under debate, it is widely believed that magnetic interactions or fluctuations have a crucial role in triggering Cooper pairing. A key issue regarding the iron pnictide phase diagram is whether long-range magnetic order can coexist with superconductivity microscopically. Here we use scanning tunnelling microscopy to investigate the local electronic structure of underdoped NaFe 1 À x Co x As near the spin density wave and superconducting phase boundary. Spatially resolved spectroscopy directly reveals both the spin density wave and superconducting gaps at the same atomic location, providing compelling evidence for the microscopic coexistence of the two phases. The strengths of the two orders are shown to anti-correlate with each other, indicating the competition between them. This work implies that Cooper pairing in the iron pnictides can occur when portions of the Fermi surface are already gapped by the spin density wave order.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In high T C cuprates, for example, STM has revealed the microscopic coexistence and distinct temperature/ doping/spatial evolutions of the pseudogap and SC phases 10,11 . In the iron pnictides, however, there is no STM report so far regarding the relationship between the SDW and SC phases 12 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Visualizing the microscopic coexistence of spin density wave and superconductivity in underdoped NaFe1−xCoxAs

et al. 2013

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“…Recent experimental evidence demonstrates that the pseudogap and the superconducting gap are associated with different energy scales [9,10,11,12,13,14]. It is however not clear whether they coexist independently or compete [9,12,14,15]. In order to understand the physics of cuprates and improve their superconducting properties it is vital to determine whether the pseudogap is friend or foe of high temperature supercondctivity [16].…”

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confidence: 99%

Competition between the pseudogap and superconductivity in the high-Tc copper oxides

Kondo

Khasanov

Takeuchi

et al. 2009

Nature

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280

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A pairing gap and coherence are the two hallmarks of superconductivity. In a classical BCS superconductor they are established simultaneously at T c . In the cuprates, however, an energy gap (pseudogap) extends above T c [1, 2, 3,4,5,6,7,8]. The origin of this gap is one of the central issues in high temperature superconductivity. Recent experimental evidence demonstrates that the pseudogap and the superconducting gap are associated with different energy scales [9,10,11,12,13,14]. It is however not clear whether they coexist independently or compete [9,12,14,15]. In order to understand the physics of cuprates and improve their superconducting properties it is vital to determine whether the pseudogap is friend or foe of high temperature supercondctivity [16]. Here we report evidence from angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) that the pseudogap and high temperature superconductivity represent two competing orders. We find that there is a direct correlation between a loss in the low energy spectral weight due to the pseudogap and a decrease of the coherent fraction of paired electrons. Therefore, the pseudogap competes with the superconductivity by depleting the spectral weight available for pairing in the region of momentum space where the superconducting gap is largest. This leads to a very unusual state in the underdoped cuprates, where only part of the Fermi surface develops coherence.Coherence in the superconducting state of the cuprates manifests itself by the appearance of a narrow peak in the ARPES lineshape [17], while the pseudogap [2, 3,4,12] depletes the low energy spectral weight below the pseudogap energy. The simplicity of the Bi 2 Sr 2 CuO 6+δ (Bi2201) spectra, as measured by ARPES, permits us to perform a straight forward quantitative analysis of the two features because the energy distribution curves (EDCs) in this single layer material lack the large renormalization effects (e.g. peak-hump-dip structure) and bilayer splitting that are present [6,7] in double layered Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8+δ (Bi2212). This feature, however, means the spectral changes associated with the superconducting transition in Bi2201 are much more difficult to observe [18]. By acquiring very high resolution and stable ARPES data with high statistics, we are able to study the temperature and momentum dependence of the spectral weight near the chemical potential, with unprecedented accuracy. Experimental and sample preparation details are provided in the Supplementary Information. In Fig. 1 we examine the temperature dependence of the spectral lineshape in overdoped Bi2201 (T c =29K). Above the pseudogap temperature (T * ) (∼110K for this sample), the symmetrized EDCs [4] (see Supplementary Information) show a peak centered at the chemical potential -consistent with the metallic state of the sample. Upon cooling below T * , the low energy spectral weight decreases (within ∼20 meV), leading to a characteristic dip and very broad spectral peaks that signify the opening of an energy gap, as shown in Fig. 1(d). The loss...

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“…The Bi 2 Sr 2 CuO 6 (Bi2201) superconductor is an ideal system to study the physical properties, electronic structure and mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. First, it has a simple crystal structure that contains only single CuO 2 layer in a unit cell which avoids possible complications from two-layered or multi-layered compounds which may give rise to multiple Fermi surface sheets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been several TEM studies on La-Bi2201 with different compositions. In [12], the electron diffraction patterns (DPs) of Bi 2 Sr 2-x La x CuO 6 showed an increase of the b-component of the modulation vector, from 0.213b * for x=0 to 0.294b * for x=1. However, they only gave DPs along the [100] zone axis but did not provide DPs along the [001] zone axis which are more closely related to the CuO 2 planes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compositional evolution of the anti-phase stripe superstructure in Bi₂Sr_2−xLa_xCuO₆(0 <x≤ 1.1) revealed by transmission electron microscopy

Chen¹,

Peng²,

Wang³

et al. 2013

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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The detailed structural properties of La-doped Bi 2 Sr 2-x La x CuO 6 (La-Bi2201, 0≤x≤1.1) have been studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The well-known incommensurate supermodulation q 1 in the Bi-based cuprates evolves from a monoclinic superstructure in the pristine Bi2201 phase to an orthogonal one in La-Bi2201(x=0.73) phase. The b-component of the modulation vector (q 1 ) for x=0.25 sample is about 0.24b * and increases slightly to 0.246b * in x=0.84 sample, while it increases significantly to 0.286b * for x=1.10 sample. We have revealed a new anti-phase stripe superstructure in all the La-doped Bi2201 samples, giving rise to a new modulation with a vector q 2. This q 2 modulation is directly evolved from the orthogonal modulation q 1 through an addition of the anti-phase structure so that its vector q 2 equals to q 1b /2. We also discussed the implication of these structural studies on the electronic structure by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) experiments in La-Bi2201.

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Imaging the two gaps of the high-temperature superconductor Bi2Sr2CuO6+x

Cited by 241 publications

References 43 publications

Visualizing the microscopic coexistence of spin density wave and superconductivity in underdoped NaFe1−xCoxAs

Visualizing the microscopic coexistence of spin density wave and superconductivity in underdoped NaFe1−xCoxAs

Competition between the pseudogap and superconductivity in the high-Tc copper oxides

Compositional evolution of the anti-phase stripe superstructure in Bi₂Sr_2−xLa_xCuO₆(0 <x≤ 1.1) revealed by transmission electron microscopy

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Imaging the two gaps of the high-temperature superconductor Bi2Sr2CuO6+x

Cited by 241 publications

References 43 publications

Visualizing the microscopic coexistence of spin density wave and superconductivity in underdoped NaFe1−xCoxAs

Visualizing the microscopic coexistence of spin density wave and superconductivity in underdoped NaFe1−xCoxAs

Competition between the pseudogap and superconductivity in the high-Tc copper oxides

Compositional evolution of the anti-phase stripe superstructure in Bi2Sr2−xLaxCuO6(0 <x≤ 1.1) revealed by transmission electron microscopy

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Compositional evolution of the anti-phase stripe superstructure in Bi₂Sr_2−xLa_xCuO₆(0 <x≤ 1.1) revealed by transmission electron microscopy