Imaging the Spatial Distribution of Electronic States in Graphene Using Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy: Prospect of Orbital Mapping

Applications of Graphene in Five Senses, Nervous System, and Artificial Muscles

“…The in situ X-ray diffraction technique may provide insight into the phase transformation during reduction of graphene oxides . The electron energy-loss spectroscopy may capture electron orbital information of graphene by mapping of electronic states . The nitrogen-vacancy center magnetometry showed that electron transport was governed by the electron–electron scattering mechanism .…”

“…452 The electron energy-loss spectroscopy may capture electron orbital information of graphene by mapping of electronic states. 453 The nitrogen-vacancy center magnetometry showed that electron transport was governed by the electron−electron scattering mechanism. 454 The scanning tunneling microscope can image the electronic kagome lattices 455 and the flat bands 456 as well as intervalley scattering of a monovacancy.…”

Underlying factors of mega pressure hysteresis in cerium-rich CaCu5-type metal hydrides and effective modification strategies

“…34,35 Moreover, since the variation in the chemical environment around atoms in EELS will alter the lowest empty state energy and cause an energy shi in the energy loss of the initial core edge, the elemental valence situation can also be judged by identifying the displacement of the corresponding energy loss spectrum for each alloy element. [36][37][38] The comparison for electron ionization EELS patterns of La and Ce elements corresponding to the 3d M 4,5 orbitals between LaNi 5 and La 2 O 3 as well as that between CeNi 5 and CeO 2 is exhibited in Fig. 4(g and h).…”

Subnanometer Scale Mapping of Hydrogen Doping in Vanadium Dioxide

“…Therefore, the ELNES technique probes the unoccupied density of states above the Fermi energy level in a similar manner as the X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) technique. 20 Focusing on the oxygen K edge from the EELS spectrum in Figure 1e, the first two features are identified as the t 2g and e g peaks, respectively. 21 Locally, the magnitude of the t 2g features is strongly reduced, indicating that the t 2g orbital is more occupied with electrons at the probed location (as illustrated in Figure 1g).…”

“…In EELS, the fine structures from a core-loss edge correspond to the transition from a deep energy level to an unoccupied energy state, whose analysis is referred to as the energy loss near edge structure (ELNES) method. Therefore, the ELNES technique probes the unoccupied density of states above the Fermi energy level in a similar manner as the X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) technique . Focusing on the oxygen K edge from the EELS spectrum in Figure e, the first two features are identified as the t 2g and e g peaks, respectively .…”