Imaging Techniques in Insects

Paoli, Marco; Andrione, Mara; Haase, Andrea

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-6725-4_15

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…In the ALs, the synapse between olfactory receptor neurons coming from the antennae and the projection neurons projecting to higher order brain centres is cholinergic. Its activity can be recorded in vivo by injecting a fluorescent calcium-sensitive biomarker in the projection neuron tract and by observing changes in fluorescence via wide-field or two-photon microscopy [58,59]. Odorant-specific maps of activation were found in the ALs [60] and were shown to be affected by perfusing the brain with imidacloprid (10 µM) [61].…”

Section: Neuronal Plasticity Following Neonicotinoid Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

The Neurophysiological Bases of the Impact of Neonicotinoid Pesticides on the Behaviour of Honeybees

Cabirol

Haase

2019

Insects

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Acetylcholine is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the honeybee brain and controls a wide range of behaviours that ensure the survival of the individuals and of the entire colony. Neonicotinoid pesticides target this neurotransmission pathway and can thereby affect the behaviours under its control, even at doses far below the toxicity limit. These sublethal effects of neonicotinoids on honeybee behaviours were suggested to be partly responsible for the decline in honeybee populations. However, the neural mechanisms by which neonicotinoids influence single behaviours are still unclear. This is mainly due to the heterogeneity of the exposure pathways, doses and durations between studies. Here, we provide a review of the state of the science in this field and highlight knowledge gaps that need to be closed. We describe the agonistic effects of neonicotinoids on neurons expressing the different nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and the resulting brain structural and functional changes, which are likely responsible for the behavioural alterations reported in bees exposed to neonicotinoids.

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Section: Neuronal Plasticity Following Neonicotinoid Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

The Neurophysiological Bases of the Impact of Neonicotinoid Pesticides on the Behaviour of Honeybees

Cabirol

Haase

2019

Insects

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“…This plane was chosen to contain the landmark glomeruli T1-17, T1-33, T1-42. For further details see Paoli et al (2017).…”

Section: Functional Imaging Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphofunctional experience-dependent plasticity in the honeybee brain

et al. 2017

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Repeated or prolonged exposure to an odorant without any positive or negative reinforcement produces experience-dependent plasticity, which results in habituation and latent inhibition. In the honeybee (), it has been demonstrated that, even if the absolute neural representation of an odor in the primary olfactory center, the antennal lobe (AL), is not changed by repeated presentations, its relative representation with respect to unfamiliar stimuli is modified. In particular, the representation of a stimulus composed of a 50:50 mixture of a familiar and a novel odorant becomes more similar to that of the novel stimulus after repeated stimulus preexposure. In a calcium-imaging study, we found that the same functional effect develops following prolonged odor exposure. By analyzing the brains of the animals subjected to this procedure, we found that such functional changes are accompanied by morphological changes in the AL (i.e., a decrease in volume in specific glomeruli). The AL glomeruli that exhibited structural plasticity also modified their functional responses to the three stimuli (familiar odor, novel odor, binary mixture). We suggest a model in which rebalancing inhibition within the AL glomeruli may be sufficient to elicit structural and functional correlates of experience-dependent plasticity.

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“…Dye-injected specimens were incubated in a humid chamber at 4°C for 24 h. The following day, brains were dissected, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) in phosphatebuffered saline (PBS) for 3 h at 4°C, dehydrated in ascending concentrations of ethanol, cleared in xylene, and mounted in DPX mounting medium (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA). Animal preparation for PN calcium imaging was adapted from a protocol previously established in honeybees (Paoli et al, 2017;Sachse and Galizia, 2002). On the first day, male cockroaches were anaesthetized and placed in a custom-built holder.…”

Section: Materials and Methods Animal Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coding of odour and space in the hemimetabolous insect Periplaneta americana

Paoli

Nishino

Couzin-Fuchs

et al. 2020

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The general architecture of the olfactory system is highly conserved from insects to humans, but neuroanatomical and physiological differences can be observed across species. The American cockroach, inhabiting dark shelters with a rather stable olfactory landscape, is equipped with long antennae used for sampling the surrounding airspace for orientation and navigation. The antennae's exceptional length provides a wide spatial working range for odour detection; however, it is still largely unknown whether and how this is also used for mapping the structure of the olfactory environment. By selectively labelling antennal lobe projection neurons with a calciumsensitive dye, we investigated the logic of olfactory coding in this hemimetabolous insect. We show that odour responses are stimulus specific and concentration dependent, and that structurally related odorants evoke physiologically similar responses. By using spatially confined stimuli, we show that proximal stimulations induce stronger and faster responses than distal ones. Spatially confined stimuli of the female pheromone periplanone B activate a subregion of the male macroglomerulus. Thus, we report that the combinatorial logic of odour coding deduced from holometabolous insects applies also to this hemimetabolous species. Furthermore, a fast decrease in sensitivity along the antenna, not supported by a proportionate decrease in sensillar density, suggests a neural architecture that strongly emphasizes neuronal inputs from the proximal portion of the antenna.

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Imaging Techniques in Insects

Cited by 20 publications

References 79 publications

The Neurophysiological Bases of the Impact of Neonicotinoid Pesticides on the Behaviour of Honeybees

The Neurophysiological Bases of the Impact of Neonicotinoid Pesticides on the Behaviour of Honeybees

Morphofunctional experience-dependent plasticity in the honeybee brain

Coding of odour and space in the hemimetabolous insect Periplaneta americana

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