Imaging spectrometry at visible and infrared wavelengths using image replication

Harvey, Andrew R.; Fletcher-Holmes, David William; Kudesia, S S; Beggan, Ciarán

doi:10.1117/12.580059

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Band‐sequential devices such as acousto‐optical tunable filters (AOTFs, (7)) liquid crystal tunable filters (LCTFs), circular or linear variable interference filters (21) can be used, as can line‐scanners coupled to gratings or to prisms. Other approaches use tunable light sources (22), and some single‐shot techniques in which spectral and spatial information are captured with a single acquisition event have also been developed (11, 23). As can be expected, all of these approaches have advantages and disadvantages, and any of them would be appropriate for acquiring spectral data for cytomics purposes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral imaging perspective on cytomics

Levenson¹

2006

Cytometry Pt A

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Background: Cytomics involves the analysis of cellular morphology and molecular phenotypes, with reference to tissue architecture and to additional metadata. To this end, a variety of imaging and nonimaging technologies need to be integrated. Spectral imaging is proposed as a tool that can simplify and enrich the extraction of morphological and molecular information. Simple-to-use instrumentation is available that mounts on standard microscopes and can generate spectral image datasets with excellent spatial and spectral resolution; these can be exploited by sophisticated analysis tools. Methods: This report focuses on brightfield microscopybased approaches. Cytological and histological samples were stained using nonspecific standard stains (Giemsa; hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)) or immunohistochemical (IHC) techniques employing three chromogens plus a hematoxylin counterstain. The samples were imaged using the Nuance TM system, a commercially available, liquid-crystal tunable-filter-based multispectral imaging platform. The resulting data sets were analyzed using spectral unmixing algorithms and/or learn-by-example classification tools.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral imaging perspective on cytomics

Levenson¹

2006

Cytometry Pt A

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“…This leads to suboptimal spatial resolution and under utilization of the sensor real estate, since the spread out spectral content will not spread ideally over NBx1 pixels. Image-replicating Imaging Spectrometers (IRIS) [17] are based on 'Lyot filters' consisting of an assembly of multiple polariser and waveplate combinations, where the consecutive polarisers implement the spectral filtering of the light. In IRIS the polarisers are actually 'Wollaston prism polarising beam splitters', which not only filter the light, but also ensure the image duplication.…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

A snapshot multispectral imager with integrated tiled filters and optical duplication

2013

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Although the potential of spectral imaging has been demonstrated in research environments, its adoption by industry has so far been limited due to the lack of high speed, low cost and compact spectral cameras. We have previously presented work to overcome this limitation by monolithically integrating optical interference filters on top of standard CMOS image sensors for high resolution pushbroom hyperspectral cameras. These cameras require a scanning of the scene and therefore introduce operator complexity due to the need for synchronization and alignment of the scanning to the camera. This typically leads to problems with motion blur, reduced SNR in high speed applications and detection latency and overall restricts the types of applications that can use this system. This paper introduces a novel snapshot multispectral imager concept based on optical filters monolithically integrated on top of a standard CMOS image sensor. By using monolithic integration for the dedicated, high quality spectral filters at its core, it enables the use of mass-produced fore-optics, reducing the total system cost. It overcomes the problems mentioned for scanning applications by snapshot acquisition, where an entire multispectral data cube is sensed at one discrete point in time. This is achieved by applying a novel, tiled filter layout and an optical sub-system which simultaneously duplicates the scene onto each filter tile. Through the use of monolithically integrated optical filters it retains the qualities of compactness, low cost and high acquisition speed, differentiating it from other snapshot spectral cameras based on heterogeneously integrated custom optics. Moreover, thanks to a simple cube assembly process, it enables real-time, low-latency operation. Our prototype camera can acquire multispectral image cubes of 256x256 pixels over 32 bands in the spectral range of 600-1000nm at a speed of about 30 cubes per second at daylight conditions up to 340 cubes per second at higher illumination levels as typically used in machine vision applications.

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“…These types of architectures typically map the voxels of the spectral data cube into different regions of a focal plane array (FPA). Single snapshot architectures include the image mapping spectrometers (IMS) [2], field sampling snapshot spectrometers [3], and the image-replicating imaging spectrometers (IRIS) [4]. However, because a single detector captures all the voxels from the spectral scene, these spectrometers require large detectors, where a portion of the area is not used to keep track of the mapping scheme and recover the 3D cube.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snapshot colored compressive spectral imager

2015

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Traditional spectral imaging approaches require sensing all the voxels of a scene. Colored mosaic FPA detector-based architectures can acquire sets of the scene's spectral components, but the number of spectral planes depends directly on the number of available filters used on the FPA, which leads to reduced spatiospectral resolutions. Instead of sensing all the voxels of the scene, compressive spectral imaging (CSI) captures coded and dispersed projections of the spatiospectral source. This approach mitigates the resolution issues by exploiting optical phenomena in lenses and other elements, which, in turn, compromise the portability of the devices. This paper presents a compact snapshot colored compressive spectral imager (SCCSI) that exploits the benefits of the colored mosaic FPA detectors and the compression capabilities of CSI sensing techniques. The proposed optical architecture has no moving parts and can capture the spatiospectral information of a scene in a single snapshot by using a dispersive element and a color-patterned detector. The optical and the mathematical models of SCCSI are presented along with a testbed implementation of the system. Simulations and real experiments show the accuracy of SCCSI and compare the reconstructions with those of similar CSI optical architectures, such as the CASSI and SSCSI systems, resulting in improvements of up to 6 dB and 1 dB of PSNR, respectively.

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Imaging spectrometry at visible and infrared wavelengths using image replication

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Spectral imaging perspective on cytomics

Spectral imaging perspective on cytomics

A snapshot multispectral imager with integrated tiled filters and optical duplication

Snapshot colored compressive spectral imager

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