Imaging scatterometry of butterfly wing scales

Stavenga, Doekele G.; Leertouwer, Hein L.; Pirih, Primož; Wehling, Martin

doi:10.1364/oe.17.000193

Cited by 109 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…For this, we glued both single scales and small pieces of elytra with scale-carrying pits to the tip of pulled micropipettes and illuminated them with a narrow aperture, white light beam with a variable spot size. beam, which was approximately 58 [33]. Strikingly, the angular position of the reflected spot severely differed between the domains, meaning that the directions of the reflected light beams severely deviated from each other (figure 4a; see also inset figure 3b for the simulated reflectance pattern of a single domain).…”

Section: Results (A) Optical Appearance Of the Diamond Weevil Scalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brilliant camouflage : photonic crystals in the diamond weevil, Entimus imperialis

et al. 2012

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The neotropical diamond weevil, Entimus imperialis, is marked by rows of brilliant spots on the overall black elytra. The spots are concave pits with intricate patterns of structural-coloured scales, consisting of large domains of three-dimensional photonic crystals that have a diamond-type structure. Reflectance spectra measured from individual scale domains perfectly match model spectra, calculated with anatomical data and finite-difference time-domain methods. The reflections of single domains are extremely directional (observed with a point source less than 58), but the special arrangement of the scales in the concave pits significantly broadens the angular distribution of the reflections. The resulting virtually angle-independent green coloration of the weevil closely approximates the colour of a foliaceous background. While the closedistance colourful shininess of E. imperialis may facilitate intersexual recognition, the diffuse green reflectance of the elytra when seen at long-distance provides cryptic camouflage.

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Section: Results (A) Optical Appearance Of the Diamond Weevil Scalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We, therefore, used an imaging scatterometer (ISM), which is built around an ellipsoidal mirror [33,34].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brilliant camouflage : photonic crystals in the diamond weevil, Entimus imperialis

et al. 2012

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“…We examined the far-field, 180°hemispherical angular distribution of the light scattered by single barbules using an imaging scatterometer built around an ellipsoidal mirror (17,19). We applied narrowaperture (∼5°) as well as wide-aperture (180°) illuminations supplied by xenon lamps.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sparkling feather reflections of a bird-of-paradise explained by finite-difference time-domain modeling

Wilts

Michielsen²,

Raedt

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

109

121

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Birds-of-paradise are nature's prime examples of the evolution of color by sexual selection. Their brilliant, structurally colored feathers play a principal role in mating displays. The structural coloration of both the occipital and breast feathers of the bird-of-paradise Lawes' parotia is produced by melanin rodlets arranged in layers, together acting as interference reflectors. Light reflection by the silvery colored occipital feathers is unidirectional as in a classical multilayer, but the reflection by the richly colored breast feathers is threedirectional and extraordinarily complex. Here we show that the reflection properties of both feather types can be quantitatively explained by finite-difference time-domain modeling using realistic feather anatomies and experimentally determined refractive index dispersion values of keratin and melanin. The results elucidate the interplay between avian coloration and vision and indicate tuning of the mating displays to the spectral properties of the avian visual system. biophotonics | body colors | courtship | signaling | reflectance B irds-of-paradise are best known for their magnificent coloration. Living isolated on Papua New Guinea and its satellite islands (1), the absence of predators has allowed these birds to become extremely specialized for female sexual selection (2). Male birds-of-paradise have evolved extravagant ornamental traits, with intricate sounds and ritualized sets of dance steps and movements accompanied by simultaneous elaborate feather movements, all combined in beautiful displays to win the favor of females (1-4). Among the 39 species of birds-of-paradise almost all colors of the rainbow can be found, and often the males advertise themselves with brilliant, vivid colors framed within a jet-black background. The females on the other hand have dull brownish plumage which has remained in its ancestral color state (1, 2).Whereas the biological purpose of the colorful displays is relatively well understood (1, 2), the coloration mechanisms of the birds' displays and the connection to the visual system of the animals are poorly explored. Feather coloration can be generally categorized in two forms: pigmentary and structural. Randomly arranged, inhomogeneous media containing pigments are colored, because the pigments absorb the diffusely scattered light in a restricted wavelength range. For instance, carotenoids cause the colorful yellow or red feathers of many songbirds (5), and the ubiquitous, broad-band absorbing pigment melanin causes feathers to be black (6). Structural colors occur in feather barbs due to quasiordered spongy structures, and in feather barbules due to melanosomes--nanosized, melanin-containing granules--regularly arranged in layers within a keratin matrix, resulting in directional reflections because of constructive interference (7-11). Differences in the morphology of the structural colored feathers, i.e., in the dimensions of the spongy structured barbs or the melanosome multilayers in the barbules, can modify the color of the ...

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“…Here, we extend the previous work by presenting a comprehensive set of reflectance spectra, measured as a function of angle and polarization. By using various optical approaches, among others a novel imaging scatterometer (ISM) [11], we establish that the epicuticle of the beetle's elytra can be well treated as an ideal multilayer interference reflector that creates a strong polarized iridescence. We show that a classical multilayer with a gradient refractive index is an appropriate model for the jewel beetle elytra, providing an in-depth understanding of the Chrysochroa beetle's coloration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarized iridescence of the multilayered elytra of the Japanese jewel beetle,Chrysochroa fulgidissima

Stavenga

Wilts

Leertouwer

et al. 2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

144

155

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The elytra of the Japanese jewel beetle Chrysochroa fulgidissima are metallic green with purple stripes. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy demonstrated that the elytral surface is approximately flat. The accordingly specular green and purple areas have, with normal illumination, 100 -150 nm broad reflectance bands, peaking at about 530 and 700 nm. The bands shift progressively towards shorter wavelengths with increasing oblique illumination, and the reflection then becomes highly polarized. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the epicuticle of the green and purple areas consists of stacks of 16 and 12 layers, respectively. Assuming gradient refractive index values of the layers between 1.6 and 1.7 and applying the classical multilayer theory allowed modelling of the measured polarization-and angle-dependent reflectance spectra. The extreme polarized iridescence exhibited by the elytra of the jewel beetle may have a function in intraspecific recognition.

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Imaging scatterometry of butterfly wing scales

Cited by 109 publications

References 23 publications

Brilliant camouflage : photonic crystals in the diamond weevil, Entimus imperialis

Brilliant camouflage : photonic crystals in the diamond weevil, Entimus imperialis

Sparkling feather reflections of a bird-of-paradise explained by finite-difference time-domain modeling

Polarized iridescence of the multilayered elytra of the Japanese jewel beetle,Chrysochroa fulgidissima

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