Imaging Review of New and Emerging Sinonasal Tumors and Tumor-like Entities from the Fourth Edition of theWorld Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck Tumors

Abstract

The sinonasal tract is an environment diverse with neoplasia. Given the continued discovery of entities generally specific to the sinonasal tract, the fourth edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck Tumors was released in 2017. It describes 3 new, well-defined entities and several less-defined, emerging entities. The new entities are seromucinous hamartomas, nuclear protein in testis carcinomas, and biphenotypic sinonasal sarcomas. Emerging entities include human papillomavirus-related sinonasal carcinomas, SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily B member 1-deficient sinonasal carcinomas, renal cell-like adenocarcinomas, and chondromesenchymal hamartomas. The literature thus far largely focuses on the pathology of these entities. Our goal in this report was to familiarize radiologists with these new diagnoses and to provide available information regarding their imaging appearances. ABBREVIATIONS: HPV ϭ human papillomavirus; NUT ϭ nuclear protein in testis; NMC ϭ nuclear protein in testis midline carcinomas; SCC ϭ squamous cell carcinoma; SH ϭ seromucinous hamartoma; SWI/SNF ϭ SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable; SMARCB1 ϭ SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily B member 1; SNUC ϭ sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma; REAH ϭ respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma; WHO ϭ World Health Organization REVIEW OF HISTOLOGIC TYPES OF SINONASAL TUMORS Accurate interpretation of sinonasal tumor imaging by neuroradiologists necessitates a fundamental understanding of the histologic subtypes. Basic classification groups include squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), adenocarcinomas, sarcomatous/mesenchymal tumors, neuroectodermal tumors, salivary neoplasms, papillomas, respiratory epithelial lesions, hematolymphoid tumors, and tumor-like entities (On-line Table).

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Sinonasal NUT Carcinoma: Delayed Diagnosis Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic and a Review of the Literature

“…On CT scan, NUT-C has been described as a near-muscle-density mass with faint mineralization within it, without dystrophic calcifications. On MRI, NUT-C has been previously described as a heterogeneous lesion with a predominantly hypointense signal in T1 and a hyperintense signal in T2 images, with heterogeneous postcontrast enhancement [14][15][16].…”