Imaging requirements for medical applications of additive manufacturing

Huotilainen, Eero; Paloheimo, Markku; Salmi, Mika; Paloheimo, Kaija‐Stiina; Björkstrand, Roy; Tuomi, Jukka; Markkola, Annamari; Mäkitie, Antti

doi:10.1177/0284185113494198

Cited by 60 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Currently, additive manufacturing allows production of custom prosthetic implants, fitting them directly to patient needs. It can be used in many medical specialties including neurosurgery, maxillofacial surgery, craniofacial and plastic surgery, oncology, dentistry and orthopedics [3][4][5][6][7][8] . The main metallic materials used in orthopedic implants are stainless steel alloys, cobalt-chromium alloys and titanium alloys 1,9,10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Finishes for Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Produced by Direct Metal Laser Sintering

et al. 2015

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Finishes for Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Produced by Direct Metal Laser Sintering

et al. 2015

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“…Based on CT and MRI data of real anatomical structures, it is possible to manufacture physical models which reconstruct complex inner structures very precisely [2,20,27]. It allows us to avoid simplified assumptions in experimental analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of medical objects, data may be acquired via computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and angiography. Commonly used spiral CT can serve as a source of data for preparing multi-object anatomical models [20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods of reconstructing complex multi-structural anatomical objects with RP techniques

Kudasik

Miechowicz

2016

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences

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Abstract. This article presents reconstruction methods applied to a (geometrically and physically) complex structural object with the use of RP and RT techniques. The methods are innovative due to their hybrid -multi-model and multi-material -approach to reconstruction, as well as the application of multiple technologies. An experimental analysis was conducted to verify the feasibility of rapid prototyping (RP) techniques in the reconstruction of complex internal structures using materials of diverse properties. Some RP techniques offer the possibility of discriminating between diverse objects through the use of different colours. Such models are well-suited for diagnostic purposes, for better visualisation of complex clinical problems, pathological alterations, etc. Nevertheless, they fail to fully reflect physical and mechanical properties of objects, which renders them useful in experimental analysis only to a limited extent. Their basic drawback is that they merely reflect geometrical features of the examined object. The methods discussed in the present article enable modelling multi-object structures in a single process based on the PolyJet Matrix technology and materials of different physical properties by means of a hybrid method. The article also describes the process of modelling complex anatomical structures of soft tissues and bones using models of the maxilla and the mandible as examples. The study is based on data acquired through standard computed tomography (CT). In addition, the article addresses selected aspects of CT acquisition, generation of numerical models composed of several anatomical structures (objects) and fabricating physical multi-object models.Key words: medical modelling, rapid prototyping, computed tomography (CT), experimental tests. tual models (3D numerical models) can be developed with the use of CT or MRI data. They can be useful in designing and fabricating physical models of real tissues by means of rapid prototyping techniques [3,4]. 3D models generated by the authors of the present study are shown in Fig. 2; they are based on anatomical structures presented in Fig.1. RP methods enable us to create physical models for medical purposes [5] such as: Methods of reconstructing complex multi-structural anatomical objects with RP techniques• maxillofacial and dental surgeries, • orthopaedic and spinal surgeries, • oncology and reconstruction surgeries, • customised joint replacement prosthesis, • patient-specific instrumentation (orthoses), • implant design, testing and validation.

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“…In medical industry the anatomy differs from patient to patient. The patient specific medical model is obtained using the Computer Tomography (CT) of the patient [3]. The CT data of patient is processed through the medical imaging software, once 3D Computer Aided Design (CAD) model is generated [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits of Additive Manufacturing Medical Model in Orbital Floor Reconstruction Surgery: A Case Study

Malyala¹,

Kumar²,

Alwala³

et al. 2017

Surgery

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Journal of Surgery IntroductionAdditive Manufacturing (AM) technology has been started for manufacturing prototypes before 30 years with the name Rapid Prototyping (RP). This technology has evolved from prototypes to fully functional parts in various Industries [1]. The Advantage of this technology is to fabricate any complex geometry easily. AM parts are fabricated with almost zero percent wastage of raw material. As compared to conventional subtractive process, AM process adds material in layers. Addition of material is done till the last layer, where the model is completed [2]. The customized models can be fabricated very easily with this technology, which exactly suits for the medical industry. In medical industry the anatomy differs from patient to patient. The patient specific medical model is obtained using the Computer Tomography (CT) of the patient [3]. The CT data of patient is processed through the medical imaging software, once 3D Computer Aided Design (CAD) model is generated [4]. This data is further used for fabrication of patient specific AM medical model. These AM medical models can be easily fabricated using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technique [5,6]. Since FDM is one of the cost effective processes available in AM. These FDM models also have good mechanical properties. The mock surgeries can be conducted on AM medical model and this information from mock is used for finalizing the steps in the actual surgery [7]. The AM medical model provides flexibility for almost each and every step that is going to be adopted in the actual surgery in advance. MethodologyThe following steps are followed for the current case study, which are shown in (Figure1).CT data Acquisition and Reconstruction: For the current case study the patient underwent scanning by 128 slice CT scanner, with scan parameters of the tube current as 300mA, tube voltage as 130kV and pitch as 1mm [8,9]. The CT data was reconstructed using the reconstruction parameters of slice thickness as 0.6mm, slice increment as 0.3mm and AbstractAdditive Manufacturing (AM) is one of the latest manufacturing processes. AM technology provides patient specific customized physical model, which is almost not achievable by any other technique. AM medical models are best suitable for pre-planning of complex medical surgeries such as reconstruction of the orbital floor which has fractured due to severe craniofacial trauma. Orbital floor is formed by a very thin bone which is often fractured during trauma. Among all the injuries of the craniofacial region, orbital fractures account for about 40 percent. The restoration of the orbit to its pre-traumatic volume and anatomy is one of the most delicate and difficult procedure. However this method which involves multiple try-ins, poses a risk of injury to the important structures within the orbit. AM provides the flexibility to bend, adapt/modify the plate prior to the surgery, which saves the intra-operative surgery time. This also avoids the revision of surgery in some cases. For the current study a patie...

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Imaging requirements for medical applications of additive manufacturing

Cited by 60 publications

References 21 publications

Surface Finishes for Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Produced by Direct Metal Laser Sintering

Surface Finishes for Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Produced by Direct Metal Laser Sintering

Methods of reconstructing complex multi-structural anatomical objects with RP techniques

Benefits of Additive Manufacturing Medical Model in Orbital Floor Reconstruction Surgery: A Case Study

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