Imaging Recommendations for Diagnosis, Staging, and Management of Lung Cancer

Abstract

Globally and in India, lung cancer is one of the leading malignancies in terms of incidence and mortality. Smoking and environmental pollution are the common risk factors for developing lung cancer. Traditionally, lung cancer is divided into small cell and nonsmall cell types, with nonsmall cell carcinomas including squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma.In this review article, we describe the imaging recommendations and findings in the diagnosis, staging, and management of lung cancer, including the imaging of treatment-related complications.

Clinical and Paraclinical Characteristics of Endobronchial Pulmonary Squamous Cell Carcinoma—A Brief Review

“…CT scans have highlighted the characteristic signs of endobronchial tumors, with different degrees of obstruction of the bronchial tree, the bronchus sign, and the cutoff sign, with the prominence of the endobronchial tumor formation [5,9,19,20,[38][39][40]. On closer examination, there are signs of localized thickening of the bronchial wall in squamous cell carcinoma [19], but it is not mentioned in the literature as a specific feature.…”

“…Occasionally, a CT examination of endobronchial squamous carcinomas highlights a localized bronchial thickening with a long outgrowth, plated on the wall of the bronchus for about 5 cm [19]. Central mass lesions may show either sheath or occlusion of the segmental or lobar bronchus/endobronchial component or sheath of adjacent vessels [40]. As a distinct sign of endobronchial tumors, we frequently encounter "the sign of the bronchus" [20].…”