Imaging performance of a-PET: a small animal PET camera

Surti, Suleman; Karp, Joel S.; Perkins, Amy E.; Cardi, Christopher; Daube-Witherspoon, Margaret E.; Kuhn, A.; Muehllehner, G.

doi:10.1109/tmi.2005.844078

Cited by 93 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…All scans were obtained on a dedicated small-animal PET scanner (Mosaic; Phillips) that had a field of view of 11.5 cm (22). F344 rats with 9L xenografts and transgenic mice bearing M/tomND spontaneous human mammary tumors were used for the imaging studies.…”

Section: Small-animal Petmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of l-[5-¹¹C]-Glutamine for Metabolic Imaging of Tumors

Qü¹,

Oya²,

Lieberman³

et al. 2011

J Nucl Med

116

129

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Recently, there has been a renewed interest in the study of tumor metabolism above and beyond the Warburg effect. Studies on cancer cell metabolism have provided evidence that tumor-specific activation of signaling pathways, such as the upregulation of the oncogene myc, can regulate glutamine uptake and its metabolism through glutaminolysis to provide the cancer cell with a replacement of energy source. Methods: We report a convenient procedure to prepare L-[5-11 C]-glutamine. The tracer was evaluated in 9L and SF188 tumor cells (glioma and astrocytoma cell lines). The biodistribution of L-[5-11 C]-glutamine in rodent tumor models was investigated by dissection and PET. Results: By reacting 11 C-cyanide ion with protected 4-iodo-2-amino-butanoic ester, the key intermediate was obtained in good yield. After hydrolysis with trifluoroacetic and sulfonic acids, the desired optically pure L-[5-11 C]-glutamine was obtained (radiochemical yield, 5% at the end of synthesis; radiochemical purity, .95%). Tumor cell uptake studies showed maximum uptake of L-[5-11 C]-glutamine reached 17.9% and 22.5% per 100 mg of protein, respectively, at 60 min in 9L and SF188 tumor cells. At 30 min after incubation, more than 30% of the activity appeared to be incorporated into cellular protein. Biodistribution in normal mice showed that L-[5-11 C]-glutamine had significant pancreas uptake (7.37 percentage injected dose per gram at 15 min), most likely due to the exocrine function and high protein turnover within the pancreas. Heart uptake was rapid, and there was 3.34 percentage injected dose per gram remaining at 60 min after injection. Dynamic small-animal PET studies in rats bearing xenografted 9L tumors and in transgenic mice bearing spontaneous mammary gland tumors showed a prominent tumor uptake and retention. Conclusion: The data demonstrated that this tracer was favorably taken up in the tumor models. The results suggest that L-[5-11 C]-glutamine might be useful for probing in vivo tumor metabolism in glutaminolytic tumors.

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Section: Small-animal Petmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of l-[5-¹¹C]-Glutamine for Metabolic Imaging of Tumors

Qü¹,

Oya²,

Lieberman³

et al. 2011

J Nucl Med

116

129

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“…A full description of the prototype of this system, the A-PET system developed at the University of Pennsylvania, has been published elsewhere (22). Briefly, the system is based on 14,456 germanium oxyorthosilicate (GSO) crystals with dimensions of 2 · 2 · 10 mm 3 .…”

Section: Monitoring and Endpointmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pretreatment 18F-FAZA PET Predicts Success of Hypoxia-Directed Radiochemotherapy Using Tirapazamine

Beck¹,

Röper²,

Carlsen³

et al. 2007

Journal of Nuclear Medicine

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“…Over the past decade, many small-animal PET scanners have been developed (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12), and this technology has played a very important role in the rapidly growing field of molecular imaging. High sensitivity is needed to increase signal-to-noise ratio of the images to reliably detect lower levels of radiotracer uptake and to reduce the injected dose (reducing radiation dose to the subject) (13) and scan time (increasing temporal resolution for dynamic studies).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Prototype PET Scanner with DOI-Encoding Detectors

Yang¹,

Wu²,

Qi³

et al. 2008

J Nucl Med

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Detectors with depth-encoding allow a PET scanner to simultaneously achieve high sensitivity and high spatial resolution. Methods: A prototype PET scanner, consisting of depth-encoding detectors constructed by dual-ended readout of lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) arrays with 2 position-sensitive avalanche photodiodes (PSAPDs), was developed. The scanner comprised 2 detector plates, each with 4 detector modules, and the LSO arrays consisted of 7 · 7 elements, with a crystal size of 0.9225 · 0.9225 · 20 mm and a pitch of 1.0 mm. The active area of the PSAPDs was 8 · 8 mm. The performance of individual detector modules was characterized. A line-source phantom and a hot-rod phantom were imaged on the prototype scanner in 2 different scanner configurations. The images were reconstructed using 20, 10, 5, 2, and 1 depth-of-interaction (DOI) bins to demonstrate the effects of DOI resolution on reconstructed image resolution and visual image quality. Results: The flood histograms measured from the sum of both PSAPD signals were only weakly depth-dependent, and excellent crystal identification was obtained at all depths. The flood histograms improved as the detector temperature decreased. DOI resolution and energy resolution improved significantly as the temperature decreased from 20°C to 10°C but improved only slightly with a subsequent temperature decrease to 0°C. A full width at half maximum (FWHM) DOI resolution of 2 mm and an FWHM energy resolution of 15% were obtained at a temperature of 10°C. Phantom studies showed that DOI measurements significantly improved the reconstructed image resolution. In the first scanner configuration (parallel detector planes), the image resolution at the center of the field of view was 0.9-mm FWHM with 20 DOI bins and 1.6-mm FWHM with 1 DOI bin. In the second scanner configuration (detector planes at a 40°angle), the image resolution at the center of the field of view was 1.0-mm FWHM with 20 DOI bins and was not measurable when using only 1 bin. Conclusion: PET scanners based on this detector design offer the prospect of high and uniform spatial resolution (crystal size, ;1 mm; DOI resolution, ;2 mm), high sensitivity (20-mm-thick detectors), and compact size (DOI encoding permits detectors to be tightly packed around the subject and minimizes number of detectors needed). Over the past decade, many small-animal PET scanners have been developed (1-12), and this technology has played a very important role in the rapidly growing field of molecular imaging. High sensitivity is needed to increase signal-to-noise ratio of the images to reliably detect lower levels of radiotracer uptake and to reduce the injected dose (reducing radiation dose to the subject) (13) and scan time (increasing temporal resolution for dynamic studies). High spatial resolution is required to detect small structures and lesions and to improve quantification by reducing the partialvolume effect. A compromise between sensitivity and spatial resolution due to depth-of-interaction (DOI) effects always exists in small-ani...

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Imaging performance of a-PET: a small animal PET camera

Cited by 93 publications

References 36 publications

Preparation and Characterization of l-[5-¹¹C]-Glutamine for Metabolic Imaging of Tumors

Preparation and Characterization of l-[5-¹¹C]-Glutamine for Metabolic Imaging of Tumors

Pretreatment 18F-FAZA PET Predicts Success of Hypoxia-Directed Radiochemotherapy Using Tirapazamine

A Prototype PET Scanner with DOI-Encoding Detectors

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Imaging performance of a-PET: a small animal PET camera

Cited by 93 publications

References 36 publications

Preparation and Characterization of l-[5-11C]-Glutamine for Metabolic Imaging of Tumors

Preparation and Characterization of l-[5-11C]-Glutamine for Metabolic Imaging of Tumors

Pretreatment 18F-FAZA PET Predicts Success of Hypoxia-Directed Radiochemotherapy Using Tirapazamine

A Prototype PET Scanner with DOI-Encoding Detectors

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Product

Resources

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Preparation and Characterization of l-[5-¹¹C]-Glutamine for Metabolic Imaging of Tumors

Preparation and Characterization of l-[5-¹¹C]-Glutamine for Metabolic Imaging of Tumors