Imaging of Vulva Syringoma With Reflectance Confocal Microscopy

Lin, Feng Yen; Lin, Yan; Wang, Leilei; Chen, Hongxiao; Gao, Min; Liu, Huaxu; Yang, Hongyu

doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.649438

Cited by 1 publication

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The remaining literature on the application of RCM on the vulva is limited by case studies which primarily focus on pigmented lesions. [16][17][18][19]28,29 The main strength of this study is the inclusion of healthy con- LS is diagnosed based on clinical features. This could raise valid concerns for the clinical applicability of RCM for this benign disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vascular changes, which were identified in 63%–68% of our LS cases, have not previously been described. The remaining literature on the application of RCM on the vulva is limited by case studies which primarily focus on pigmented lesions 16–19,28,29 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14,15 Despite these applications, RCM imaging of the vulvar area has only been described in a few pilot studies to date. [16][17][18][19][20][21] Therefore, the primary objective was to explore the technical feasibility and patient acceptability of RCM imaging on the vulva.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This technique has been applied for diagnosis of melanoma and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and may reduce unnecessary biopsies of benign lesions 14,15 . Despite these applications, RCM imaging of the vulvar area has only been described in a few pilot studies to date 16–21 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reflectance confocal microscopy as a non‐invasive imaging tool in vulvar high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and lichen sclerosus: A descriptive morphological study in patients and healthy volunteers

Huisman

Pagan

Ulrich³

et al. 2023

Experimental Dermatology

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Incorrect and delayed diagnosis of vulvar high‐grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (vHSIL) and lichen sclerosus (LS) increases malignant progression risks and negatively impacts prognosis and quality of life. There is a need to improve diagnosis and monitoring. Reflectance confocal microscopy is a non‐invasive imaging tool that visualizes skin structures at cellular resolution. The objectives were to explore feasibility and patient acceptability of vulvar RCM imaging and to identify RCM characteristics that are discriminative for vulvar HSIL and LS. This was a prospective, cross‐sectional, observational clinical trial in patients with vHSIL and LS compared to healthy volunteers. RCM images and vulvar tissue samples were obtained. Five (5) patients with vHSIL, 10 patients with LS and 10 healthy volunteers were enrolled. In total, 100 image series of vulvar skin were obtained, including lesional and nonlesional sites. The RCM technique was considered acceptable for application by patients and healthy controls. Healthy vulvar skin was characterized by a homogenous, normal honeycomb patterned epidermis and a clear epidermal‐dermal junctions. Vulvar HSIL and LS displayed an atypical honeycomb pattern of the epidermis and lymphocytic influx with presence of melanophages. Distinct features specifically observed in LS included the presence of hyalinised vessels and sclerotic areas in the dermis. RCM is a non‐invasive imaging technique that is feasible and clinically acceptable to apply on vulvar skin, both in patients with premalignant lesions and healthy controls. Recognition and validation of disease‐specific characteristics could make reflectance confocal microscopy a clinical tool to non‐invasively aid identification of vulvar premalignancies.

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