Imaging of the subsurface structures of “unroofed” Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes

Budding pouches and associated bubbles: 3D visualization of exo-membrane structures in plasmodium falciparum gametocytes

“…Our data did not identify typical MCs, which are distinguishable from other membranous structures based solely on appearance; however, the bubbles had similar structural characteristics, with spherical or "baroque pearl"shaped asexual-MCs and small blebs on the surface of some bubbles (Hayakawa et al, 2015). Additionally, there were often small bubbles connected to the erythrocyte membrane skeleton, as seen in asexual MCs (Hayakawa et al, 2015). The second type of exo-membranes resembled balloons or the pouches of a kangaroo (Figure 6) (Supplemental Movie 3) and similar pouched shapes were also observed in our fluorescence Gametocyte-erythrocyte unroofing sample preparation for TEM observation Flow of unroofing preparation for gametocytes.…”

“…The first type of membrane forms relatively small bubbles, similar to MCs, that are either with or without tethers/strings. The MC-like small bubbles are smaller in both volume and dimensions than typical MCs seen during the asexual stages (Hanssen et al, 2008;Cyrklaff et al, 2011;Hayakawa et al, 2015) (Hayakawa et al, 2015). In addition, the bubbles were associated with other bubbles and occasionally overlapped without tethers or strings (Figures 5C-H).…”

Real-time cholesterol sorting in Plasmodium falciparum-erythrocytes as revealed by 3D label-free imaging

“…Methods P. falciparum cultivation. P. falciparum (3D7 strain) was cultivated as previously described 5,60 . Human erythrocytes from O + blood were purchased from the Japanese Red Cross Society (JRCS) (authorization number: 25J-0045).…”

Physicochemical Aspects of thePlasmodium chabaudi-Infected Erythrocyte

“…Various studies have shown that not only malaria parasites modify the erythrocyte membrane surface structure, but also the internal structure and properties of the infected erythrocytes are modulated after invasion. In particular, infection with P. falciparum results in significant alteration of the erythrocyte surface topography, with alteration of the inner structure of the parasitized erythrocyte [ 39 ], alteration to protein transportation [ 46 , 48 ], modifications to the erythrocyte cytoskeleton [ 47 ], and changes in the lipid distribution [ 25 ] and the inner microstructure of the erythrocyte membrane [ 25 , 49 ]. In the present study, the Z-potential values were altered in P. chabaudi -infected erythrocytes (Figures 2(a) and 2(b) ), even though P. chabaudi does not modulate the erythrocyte membrane topography ( Figure 1(c) ).…”

“…O + human erythrocytes were purchased from the Japanese Red Cross Society (authorization number: 25J-0045). P. falciparum was cultured as described previously [ 39 ]. P. falciparum -infected erythrocytes were separated by MACS Separators LS columns (Miltenyi Biotec K.K.)…”