Imaging of the glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerves

Larson, Theodore; Aulino, Joseph M.; Laine, Fred J.

doi:10.1016/s0887-2171(02)90049-1

Cited by 26 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The glossopharyngeal nerve supplies efferent fibers to the stylopharyngeus muscle and parotid gland while also receiving sensory input from the pharyngeal mucosa, palatine tonsil, carotid body, and posterior third of the tongue (61). The vagus nerve carries motor fibers to the muscles of the larynx and pharynx responsible for speech and swallowing, along with sensory fibers from the same areas (61). It also provides visceral sensory and parasympathetic motor innervation to the thorax and abdomen (61).…”

Section: Vestibulocochlear Nerve (Cn Viii)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vagus nerve carries motor fibers to the muscles of the larynx and pharynx responsible for speech and swallowing, along with sensory fibers from the same areas (61). It also provides visceral sensory and parasympathetic motor innervation to the thorax and abdomen (61). The accessory nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles (61).…”

Section: Vestibulocochlear Nerve (Cn Viii)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It also provides visceral sensory and parasympathetic motor innervation to the thorax and abdomen (61). The accessory nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles (61).…”

Section: Vestibulocochlear Nerve (Cn Viii)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerves share their anatomic course through the jugular foramen at the skull base and down the carotid space (59,61). Therefore, a head and neck neoplasm extending to the carotid space can subsequently spread variably along these 3 CNs to reach the jugular foramen, visible as focal or linear abnormal uptake along their course in the lateral neck and jugular foramen on 18 F-FDG PET (Supplemental Fig.…”

Section: Vestibulocochlear Nerve (Cn Viii)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Imager’s Guide to Perineural Tumor Spread in Head and Neck Cancers: Radiologic Footprints on ¹⁸F-FDG PET, with CT and MRI Correlates

et al. 2018

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Learning Objectives: On successful completion of this activity, participants should be able to (1) describe the neural pathways and basic anatomy of the commonly involved cranial nerves with perineural spread of tumor; (2) recognize the imaging findings of perineural spread in head and neck cancers on functional and anatomic imaging; and (3) explain the definition, pathogenesis, and clinical significance of perineural spread. Financial Disclosure: The authors of this article have indicated no relevant relationships that could be perceived as a real or apparent conflict of interest. CME Credit: SNMMI is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to sponsor continuing education for physicians. SNMMI designates each JNM continuing education article for a maximum of 2.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits. Physicians should claim only credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. For CE credit, SAM, and other credit types, participants can access this activity through the SNMMI website (http://www.snmmilearningcenter.org) through March 2022. Perineural spread (PNS) refers to tumor growth along large nerves, a macroscopic analog of microscopic perineural invasion. This phenomenon most commonly occurs in the head and neck, but its incidence varies with histologic tumor subtype. PNS results from a complex molecular interplay between tumor cells, nerves, and connective stroma. PNS is clinically underdiagnosed despite its impact on patients' prognosis and management. The role of 18 F-FDG PET in assessment of PNS in head and neck cancer remains to be explored, in contrast to MRI as the established gold standard. In patients with PNS, 18 F-FDG PET shows both abnormality along the course of the involved nerve and muscular changes secondary to denervation. Assessment of PNS on 18 F-FDG PET requires knowledge of relevant neural pathways and can be improved by correlation with anatomic imaging, additional processing of images, and review of clinical context.

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Section: Vestibulocochlear Nerve (Cn Viii)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vestibulocochlear Nerve (Cn Viii)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It also provides visceral sensory and parasympathetic motor innervation to the thorax and abdomen (61). The accessory nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles (61).…”

Section: Vestibulocochlear Nerve (Cn Viii)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vestibulocochlear Nerve (Cn Viii)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

An Imager’s Guide to Perineural Tumor Spread in Head and Neck Cancers: Radiologic Footprints on ¹⁸F-FDG PET, with CT and MRI Correlates

et al. 2018

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“…34 Approximately 40% of these tumors occur in the head and neck, and they can originate from any cranial nerve, including the lower four cranial nerves. 35 Schwannomas and neurofibromas cannot be differentiated by their imaging characteristics; 36 however, cranial nerve neurofibromas are extremely rare.…”

Section: Skull Base Segmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathologic Conditions of the Lower Cranial Nerves IX, X, XI, and XII

Policeni

Smoker

2008

Neuroimaging Clinics of North America

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Tongue

Arx¹,

Lozanoff²

2016

Clinical Oral Anatomy

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Imaging of the glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerves

Cited by 26 publications

References 33 publications

An Imager’s Guide to Perineural Tumor Spread in Head and Neck Cancers: Radiologic Footprints on ¹⁸F-FDG PET, with CT and MRI Correlates

An Imager’s Guide to Perineural Tumor Spread in Head and Neck Cancers: Radiologic Footprints on ¹⁸F-FDG PET, with CT and MRI Correlates

Pathologic Conditions of the Lower Cranial Nerves IX, X, XI, and XII

Tongue

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Imaging of the glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerves

Cited by 26 publications

References 33 publications

An Imager’s Guide to Perineural Tumor Spread in Head and Neck Cancers: Radiologic Footprints on 18F-FDG PET, with CT and MRI Correlates

An Imager’s Guide to Perineural Tumor Spread in Head and Neck Cancers: Radiologic Footprints on 18F-FDG PET, with CT and MRI Correlates

Pathologic Conditions of the Lower Cranial Nerves IX, X, XI, and XII

Tongue

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

An Imager’s Guide to Perineural Tumor Spread in Head and Neck Cancers: Radiologic Footprints on ¹⁸F-FDG PET, with CT and MRI Correlates

An Imager’s Guide to Perineural Tumor Spread in Head and Neck Cancers: Radiologic Footprints on ¹⁸F-FDG PET, with CT and MRI Correlates