Imaging of the Ferroelectric Domain Structures by Confocal Raman Spectroscopy

Berth, Gerhard; Hahn, W.-S.; Wiedemeier, Volker; Zrenner, A.; Sanna, Simone; Schmidt, Wolf Gero

doi:10.1080/00150193.2011.594774

Cited by 24 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The combination of theoretical and experimental Raman spectroscopy employed here to clarify the assignment of bulk phonon modes is expected to be very helpful to investigate the Raman intensity modulation at extended defects or domain walls in ferroelectric materials [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[16,17]. The excitation source was pro-vided by a frequency-doubled 532-nm Nd:YAG laser with 50 mW output power, while the spectral analysis was carried out on a spectrometer with an integrated Notch filter and holographic grating (KOSI Holospec f /1.8i) with an attached Andor Newton Charge-coupled Device (CCD) camera and an overall spectral resolution of about 2.5 cm −1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, polarizers have been added in the excitation and detection path, which allows for defined scattering geometries. In contrast to previous work, no confocal pinhole was applied [16,17]. The neglect of a depth-resolved analysis ensures a large scattering and detection volume.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, in combination with theoretical approaches yielding phonon eigenvectors such as the density functional theory (DFT), it is possible to assign a displacement pattern to each Raman peak and attain structural information from the peak modifications with temperature and composition. Thus, Raman spectroscopy has been used to investigate phase transitions [12,13], visualize ferroelectric domains [14][15][16], and even to establish the surface polarity [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Raman scattering efficiency inLiTaO3andLiNbO3crystals

et al. 2015

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LiTaO 3 and LiNbO 3 crystals are investigated here in a combined experimental and theoretical study that uses Raman spectroscopy in a complete set of scattering geometries and corresponding density-functional theory calculations to provide microscopic information on their vibrational properties. The Raman scattering efficiency is computed from first principles in order to univocally assign the measured Raman peaks to the calculated eigenvectors. Measured and calculated Raman spectra are shown to be in qualitative agreement and confirm the mode assignment by Margueron et al. [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 104105 (2012)], thus finally settling a long debate. While the two crystals show rather similar vibrational properties overall, the E-TO 9 mode is markedly different in the two oxides. The deviations are explained by a different anion-cation bond type in LiTaO 3 and LiNbO 3 crystals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Raman scattering efficiency inLiTaO3andLiNbO3crystals

et al. 2015

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“…To date, several optical techniques have been successfully applied for ferroelectric domain characterization and inspection, such as Raman spectroscopy [13,14], electrooptical near-field microscopy [15], defect-luminescence microscopy [16], near-field second-harmonic generation (SHG) * thomas.kaempfe@iapp.de microscopy [17], nonlinear Talbot imaging [18], optical coherence tomography [19], and Cherenkov-type SHG (CSHG) [20]. Although near-field SHG and electro-optical microscopy perform at an ultrahigh resolution beyond the diffraction limit, they constitute scanning probe techniques with a high surface sensitivity but a low penetration depth.…”

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confidence: 99%

Optical three-dimensional profiling of charged domain walls in ferroelectrics by Cherenkov second-harmonic generation

Kämpfe

Reichenbach²,

Schröder³

et al. 2014

Phys. Rev. B

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Cherenkov second-harmonic generation (CSHG) is a powerful tool for three-dimensional domain wall profiling in ferroic bulk crystals. Here, we apply this noninvasive technique for tracking head-to-head charged domain walls (CDWs) across millimeter-thick ferroelectric single-crystalline lithium niobate. CSHG sensitively reveals the inclination α > 0 of any such CDW with a superb optical resolution. Moreover, we deduce fully charged head-to-head CDWs (α = 90 • ) to be much rougher and to show protrusions, domain inclusions, and novel topologies. Our findings provide insight into the mechanisms of electron transport and charge trapping in CDWs, as is mandatory for their use in prospective nanoelectronic devices.

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