Imaging of surface plasmon polaritons in low-loss highly metallic titanium nitride thin films in visible and infrared regimes

Gadalla, Mena N.; Chaudhary, Kundan; Zgrabik, Christine M.; Capasso, Federico; Hu, Evelyn L.

doi:10.1364/oe.391482

Cited by 30 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The larger TiN pads are heated up stronger despite their higher reflectivity within the visible range. 46 Thus, we conclude that the TiN pad can optically be heated by above 200 K under cw laser illumination with the intensity within a range of several MW/cm 2 . Unlike the resistive heating considered above, the "without inertia" optical heating, at which the transient time reaches <0.1 μc, allows one to locally create highly nonequilibria within a sample, keeping its temperature close to the room temperature.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Below we will support this assumption through the Raman peak shift based temperature measurements. The larger TiN pads are heated up stronger despite their higher reflectivity within the visible range . Thus, we conclude that the TiN pad can optically be heated by above 200 K under cw laser illumination with the intensity within a range of several MW/cm 2 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

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Nanoscale Sensing Vitrification of 3D Confined Glassy Polymers Through Refractory Thermoplasmonics

et al. 2021

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Advances in plasmonics have been fundamentally rooted in minimizing ohmic losses in metallic nanostructures. However, the losses at resonance can play a positive role; for instance, in optical heating, there are two sides to every story. Under laser illumination, plasmonic nanostructures serve not only as near-field enhancers but heat generators. The emerging field of thermoplasmonics opens up unprecedented possibilities to probe temperature-dependent phase transitions locally. In this paper, we develop a new approach behind plasmon-assisted optical heating for spectroscopically recognizing the glass transition temperature (T g) of spatially confined poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) polymers deposited on a square-shaped titanium nitride (TiN) pad. A local photoheating is controlled through Raman thermometry of a c-Si (100) substrate that functions as a temperature-sensing Raman reporter. The reliability of temperature measurements is corroborated by using both the anti-Stokes/Stokes ratio and the Raman peak shift. We show that optical heating can be adjusted by extruding a c-Si substrate, for example, the temperature increase is achieved by making c-Si pillars beneath the TiN pads longer. This peculiarity gives the possibility to probe the T g in a broad temperature range for the diversity of glassy polymers. We believe that the developed method will pave the way for 2D mapping structural glass transitions of heterogeneous glassy polymers, polymeric blends, and eventually, 3D confined polymers.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Nanoscale Sensing Vitrification of 3D Confined Glassy Polymers Through Refractory Thermoplasmonics

et al. 2021

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“…It is much more cost-effective, mechanically and thermally robust, and, importantly, compatible with the CMOS technology despite worse optical properties. Successful implementation of the titanium nitride as a plasmonic component in photonic devices has been demonstrated on the example of hyperbolic metamaterials working in the visible and infrared ranges [9,10], high-temperature-stable and irradiation-resistant broadband absorber [11], nanoantennas, or other nanostructures able to increase optical response [12][13][14][15][16][17], SERS (Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy spectroscopy) substrate [18], and remote optical temperature sensor [19]. Apart from applications, the current literature addresses issues related to optimizing the plasmonic properties [20][21][22][23][24][25][26] and the stability of the thin films [26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Titanium Nitride as a Plasmonic Material from Near-Ultraviolet to Very-Long-Wavelength Infrared Range

et al. 2021

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Titanium nitride is a well-known conductive ceramic material that has recently experienced resumed attention because of its plasmonic properties comparable to metallic gold and silver. Thus, TiN is an attractive alternative for modern and future photonic applications that require compatibility with the Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) technology or improved resistance to temperatures or radiation. This work demonstrates that polycrystalline TiNx films sputtered on silicon at room temperature can exhibit plasmonic properties continuously from 400 nm up to 30 μm. The films’ composition, expressed as nitrogen to titanium ratio x and determined in the Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS) experiment to be in the range of 0.84 to 1.21, is essential for optimizing the plasmonic properties. In the visible range, the dielectric function renders the interband optical transitions. For wavelengths longer than 800 nm, the optical properties of TiNx are well described by the Drude model modified by an additional Lorentz term, which has to be included for part of the samples. The ab initio calculations support the experimental results both in the visible and infra-red ranges; particularly, the existence of a very low energy optical transition is predicted. Some other minor features in the dielectric function observed for the longest wavelengths are suspected to be of phonon origin.

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“…In the next section and supplementary text section 2, we will see why the phase gradient at the 637 nm and 990 nm of wavelength are of our interest. Thanks to the phase gradient metasurface, which can couple light to the SPP mode from a normal incidence beam with a flat two-dimensional geometry [22][23][24][25]. The detailed mechanisms are explained in supporting information section S2.1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupled Plasmon Wave Dynamics beyond Anomalous Reflection: A Phase Gradient Copper Metasurface for the Visible to Near-Infrared Spectrum

Sultana

2022

Optics

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In nanoscale photonic devices, the demand for multifunctionality from 2D metasurface optics has increased rapidly. To explore the required fine-tuning in the design metrics, we reinvestigated the trapezoid-shape copper metasurface using finite-difference time-domain simulation to efficiently utilize linearly polarized light for two different functionalities. From the plasmonic band structure, we could see how the degree of asymmetry in the geometry affected the efficient resonance coupling of the traveling plasmonic modes, along with the different types of mode hybridization profiles that were related to the nanoantenna’s geometric shape. By tuning the nanoantenna’s length, we could excite the effective plasmon mode that was supported by this configuration and guide surface waves unidirectionally from the normal incidence free-space light within the visible to infrared range. The directed surface plasmon polaritons had both antisymmetric and symmetric modes that oscillated between the top and bottom surfaces of the continuous metal layer, depending on the nanoantenna’s length and wavelength. This proposed copper metasurface was optimized for a far-field application of broadband (600–900 nm) anomalous beam steering for an average of 60% efficiency with a maximum angle of 64°. This work offers more understanding of a metasurface being implemented in small plasmonic devices, waveguide mode controlling and beam steering with wavelength-dependent functionalities.

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Imaging of surface plasmon polaritons in low-loss highly metallic titanium nitride thin films in visible and infrared regimes

Cited by 30 publications

References 29 publications

Nanoscale Sensing Vitrification of 3D Confined Glassy Polymers Through Refractory Thermoplasmonics

Nanoscale Sensing Vitrification of 3D Confined Glassy Polymers Through Refractory Thermoplasmonics

Titanium Nitride as a Plasmonic Material from Near-Ultraviolet to Very-Long-Wavelength Infrared Range

Coupled Plasmon Wave Dynamics beyond Anomalous Reflection: A Phase Gradient Copper Metasurface for the Visible to Near-Infrared Spectrum

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