Imaging of neuroinflammation

Ciarmiello, Andrea

doi:10.1007/s00259-011-1959-x

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…As microglia activation is an essential part of the neuroinflammatory response to cerebral injury and disease progression, it has become an important target for in vivo imaging of neuroinflammation. Upon activation, the microglial translocator protein (TSPO) is upregulated (Chauveau et al, 2008 ) and can be detected by radiolabeled ligands for positron-emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT; Winkeler et al, 2010 ; Chauveau et al, 2011 ; Ciarmiello, 2011 ; Kiferle et al, 2011 ).…”

Section: Imaging Of Neuroinflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroinflammation after intracerebral hemorrhage

Mracskó¹,

Veltkamp²

2014

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

288

239

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Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a particularly severe type of stroke for which no specific treatment has been established yet. Although preclinical models of ICH have substantial methodological limitations, important insight into the pathophysiology has been gained. Mounting evidence suggests an important contribution of inflammatory mechanisms to brain damage and potential repair. Neuroinflammation evoked by intracerebral blood involves the activation of resident microglia, the infiltration of systemic immune cells and the production of cytokines, chemokines, extracellular proteases and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Previous studies focused on innate immunity including microglia, monocytes and granulocytes. More recently, the role of adaptive immune cells has received increasing attention. Little is currently known about the interactions among different immune cell populations in the setting of ICH. Nevertheless, immunomodulatory strategies are already being explored in ICH. To improve the chances of translation from preclinical models to patients, a better characterization of the neuroinflammation in patients is desirable.

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Section: Imaging Of Neuroinflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroinflammation after intracerebral hemorrhage

Mracskó¹,

Veltkamp²

2014

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

288

239

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“…A significantly enhanced distribution volume of the tracer was shown in the brains of HSV-1 infected rats (Antunes et al 2012). Other tracers such as [ 11 C]ketoprofen methylester targeting COX-1 (Shukuri et al 2011) and [ 11 C]Ldeprenyl targeting MAO-B (Ciarmiello 2011;Jacobs et al 2012) have been developed to assess microglial activation. However, a large amount of studies are needed to prove the role of these tracers in detecting neuroinflammation.…”

Section: The Molecular Targets Of Neuroinflammation Imagingmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…For example, the hybrid PET/MR scanner may help improve the anatomical localization of molecular targets and the binding quantification of molecular tracers (Berding et al 2009;Ciarmiello 2011). 19 F-MRI has been used for cell tracking in the peripheral nervous system (Weise et al 2011) and the chronic constriction injury lesions (Vasudeva et al 2014) in rats.…”

Section: Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), such as metabolites (arachidonic acid (AA), β-glucuronidase),(Antunes et al 2012;Pichika et al 2012), vascular permeability changes (BBB integrity), immunecompetent resident cell activation (proinflammatory cytokines and ROS)(Shukuri et al 2011), circulating cells (endothelial cells), monoamine oxidase (MAO)(Ciarmiello 2011), metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR)(Holland et al 2014) and GABAA receptor(Holland et al 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

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PET and MR imaging of neuroinflammation in hepatic encephalopathy

Yang

et al. 2014

Metab Brain Dis

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Neurological or psychiatric abnormalities associated with hepatic encephalopathy (HE) range from subclinical findings to coma. HE is commonly accompanied with the accumulation of toxic substances in bloodstream. The toxicity effect of hyperammonemia on astrocyte, such as the alteration in neurotransmission, oxidative stress, astrocyte swelling, is considered as an important factor in the pathogenesis of HE. Besides, neuroinflammation has captured more attention in the process of HE, but the mechanism of neuroinflammation leading to HE remains unclear. Molecular imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) targeting activated microglia and/ or other mediators appear to be promising noninvasive approaches to assess HE. This review focuses on novel imaging and therapy strategies of neuroinflammation in HE.

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“…Further developments could be achieved from a deeper knowledge of mirror neurons, that fire both when an animal acts and when an animal observes the same action performed by another [19]. Finally, improvement could be obtained from PET beyond FDG, including radiotracers for studying cerebral metabolism and for evaluating blood-brain barrier permeability [20] and neuroinflammation [21].…”

Section: Human Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%